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Review Article| Volume 446, 120580, March 15, 2023

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Cancer-associated spinal cord infarction: A systematic review and analysis of survival predictors

  • Marilina Puente-Hernandez
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Río Hortega University Hospital, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
    Affiliations
    Department of Neurology, Río Hortega University Hospital, calle Dulzaina 2, Valladolid, Spain
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  • Alejandro Rivero-de-Aguilar
    Affiliations
    Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, carretera Ofra S/N, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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  • Leonor Varela-Lema
    Affiliations
    Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Praza do Obradoiro, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain

    Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Av. de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain
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Published:February 04, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2023.120580

      Highlights

      • The association of SCI with cancer is infrequent but its recognition is clinically relevant.
      • Cancer-associated SCI affects mainly to men in the seventh decade.
      • The most frequent neoplasm associated to SCI is intravascular large B-cell lymphoma.
      • Up to 83% of the patients die in the first year after the diagnosis.
      • Age, CVRF or previously known cancer are not statistically associated with a higher mortality.

      Abstract

      Objective

      The association between spinal cord infarction (SCI) and cancer is an infrequent condition but requires an accurate diagnosis to establish the appropriate treatment. Clinical features and prognosis of cancer-associated SCI have never been assessed. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer-associated SCI. Illustratively, a case of ovarian cancer-related SCI is presented.

      Material and methods

      Two authors independently analysed three different bibliographic databases looking for cancer-associated SCI case reports and case series. Data regarding age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), history of known cancer, infarction localization, spinal cord syndrome, Zalewski criteria classification, mechanism of ischemia, diagnostic tests, treatment and functional outcome were registered. A statistical analysis was carried out to identify factors related to mortality and survival time.

      Results

      A total of 48 articles met the inclusion criteria and 52 patients were identified. The median age was 62 years. The most frequent neoplasm was intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. The median survival time was 17.4 weeks and the cumulative probability of survival at 12 months was 16.3%. In the group of deceased patients there was a higher proportion of malignant neoplasms than in those who survived (94.7% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of mortality or survival time depending on age, previously known cancer or CVRF.

      Conclusion

      Cancer-associated SCI entails a poor outcome. Mortality is increased in patients with malignant neoplasm. No other prognosis factors could be identified.

      Keywords

      Abbreviations:

      ASIA (American spinal injury association), CT (computerized tomography), CVRF (cardiovascular risk factors), IVLBCL (intravascular large B-cell lymphoma), MRC (Medical Research Council), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), SCI (spinal cord infarction)
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