Abstract
Background
ADC (apparent coefficient diffusion) value has been known to predict hemorrhage transformation
(HT) after thrombolysis and recently, after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We aimed
to evaluate that utility separately in basal ganglia and superficial territory. We
used HT occurrence with or without NIHSS change as primary outcome measures.
Methods
This single-center retrospective study included consecutive stroke patients receiving
MT for internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (M1 or M2) occlusion.
In patient with or without HT, using the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification, on follow-up
CT scan at 24–48 h, we assessed the ADC value separately in basal ganglia and superficial
territory on MRI before MT to search for the correlation. Multivariable analysis was
performed using variables with significant differences between the HT group and non-HT
group.
Results
One hundred seventeen patients were included in the final analysis. HT distribution
was as follows: 9 patients (7.69%) HI1 or 2; 14 patients (11.97%) PH1; 21 patients
(17.95%) PH2; 29 patients (24.79%) subarachnoid hemorrhage; and 21 patients (17.95%)
symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Mean ADC minimal value in basal ganglia
in the HT group was significantly lower than in the non-HT group (377.6 × 10−6 mm2/s [± 52.4] vs 413.3 × 10−6 mm2/s [± 72.5]; p = 0.0229) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.6622 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8; p = 0.014). MRI-MT time was significantly longer in the HT group (p = 0.0002), but there was no association between ADC value and onset-MRI or MRI-MT
times (Spearman's coefficients <0.7, p > 0.05). Glycemia at admission (>1.5 g/L) (OR = 4.2; 95% CI [1.611; 10.961]) and
carotid occlusion (OR = 2.835; 95% CI [1.134; 7.091]) were independently associated
with HT.
Conclusions
ADC value in basal ganglia, unlike brain superficial territory, are correlated to
HT risk after MT.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 03, 2022
Accepted:
July 27,
2022
Received in revised form:
July 11,
2022
Received:
March 29,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
