Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, inflammatory astrocytopathy
associated with anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) IgG antibodies. NMOSD is typically characterized
by recurrent optic neuritis and longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis, although
neurological involvement in other regions, such as the brain stem, hypothalamus and
cerebral white matter, is known [
[1]
]. The primary target of immune attack in NMOSD is considered to be AQP4 on the cell
surface of astrocytes. Anti-AQP4 IgG activates the complement cascade, and complement-dependent
cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity are considered the
main pathophysiological mechanisms of astrocyte cytotoxicity in NMOSD [
[2]
]. In contrast, the presence of neutrophils is one of the characteristics of acute
NMOSD lesions. However, its role is still unclear.Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 23, 2022
Accepted:
May 18,
2022
Received in revised form:
May 14,
2022
Received:
March 9,
2022
Identification
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