Highlights
- •Neurological diseases in HIV may be due to the virus itself or opportunistic infection
- •Multiple aetiologies may affect different parts of the nervous system simultaneously
- •Neurological manifestations are influenced by the stage of HIV disease and exposure to ART
- •Neurocognitive impairment remains prevalent in the era of ART
- •CNS TB, cryptococcal meningitis and cerebral toxoplasmosis are still commonly seen in the developing world
- •The brain as a viral reservoir may affect treatment strategies aiming to achieve eradication of virus
Abstract
There are almost 40 million people in the world who live with the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV). The neurological manifestations associated with HIV contribute to significant
morbidity and mortality despite the advances made with anti-retroviral therapy (ART).
This review presents an approach to classification of neurological disorders in HIV,
differentiating diseases due to the virus itself and those due to opportunistic infection.
The effects of antiretroviral therapy are also discussed. The emphasis is on the developing
world where advanced complications of HIV itself and infections such as tuberculosis
(TB), toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis remain prevalent.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 16, 2021
Accepted:
April 12,
2021
Received in revised form:
April 12,
2021
Received:
August 12,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
