Highlights
- •Timed-up-and-go test is a popular gait test, but it measures only the total time.
- •The gait test is composed of Stand, Go, Turn1, Come, Turn2 and Sit.
- •A smartphone application measures respective times of six components on the test.
- •The pairs Go and Come, and Turn 1 and Turn2 in the control were 2 major clusters.
- •This pattern was lost in normal pressure hydrocephalus and restored by surgery.
Abstract
Background
The timed-up-and-go test (TUG) is a popular test for mobility, but it only measures
the total time to complete tasks. Recent advances in smartphone technology enables
measuring respective times of 6 components in the test (Stand, Go, Turn1, Come, Turns
and Sit). We examined availability of these data for assessing different gait patterns.
Methods
This study enrolled 32 patients with probable idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus
and 87 age-matched active participants as controls. All the patients responded positively
to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal, among whom 19 underwent surgery with positive
outcomes. The TUG was performed using a free smartphone application. The components
were automatically detected, and their respective times were computed. Statistical
analyses included item cluster analysis.
Results
In the control group, high correlations (r ≥ 0.7) were observed in two pairs of Go and Come, and Turn1 and Turn2, which reflect
straight walk and turn. This pattern was lost in the baseline and after CSF removal
in the hydrocephalus group. After surgery, the two pairs in the control group regained
high correlations. The item cluster analysis showed the pattern changes more clearly.
Conclusions
A smartphone is useful for analyzing gait patterns in the TUG, which can be applicable
for various gait disorders.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 16, 2019
Accepted:
January 14,
2019
Received in revised form:
December 14,
2018
Received:
October 10,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
