Highlights
- •The prevalence of PD in Israel was found to be 0.5% in the general population.
- •The Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) odds ratio of PD for hepatitis C virus positive patients was 1.18.
- •The M-H OR of PD for patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was 1.13.
- •Co infection of HCV and HBV was not associated with an increased risk for PD.
Abstract
Objective
To study the association between hepatitis C and B viruses and Parkinson's disease
(PD) in Israel.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed by analyzing the computerized database
of Clalit Healthcare Service in Israel. Cohorts of people with hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
were constructed and compared to a reference cohort for prevalence of PD.
Results
The prevalence of PD in Israel was found to be 0.5% in the general population. The
M-H (Mantel-Haenszel) odds ratio (OR) of PD for HBV-positive patients was 1.08 (95%
CI: 1.00–1.16). The M-H OR of PD for HCV-positive patients was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04–1.35).
The M-H OR of PD for patients infected with both hepatitis C and B was 1.13 (95% CI:
0.87–1.47). The M-H OR of PD for patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH) was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08–1.19).
Conclusions
We report evidence supporting a minor increased risk for PD in patients with HCV.
Co infection of HCV and HBV was not associated with an increased risk for PD. The
increased risk for PD in the group of patients with NASH, raises the possibility that
liver disease per se is a risk factor for PD rather than viral infection. In addition,
it cannot be ruled out that the association is, at least in part, the result of the
occurrence of cirrhosis induced parkinsonism that was misclassified as PD.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 11, 2019
Accepted:
January 10,
2019
Received in revised form:
January 4,
2019
Received:
December 3,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
