A number of techniques are available to investigate the question of how and where
in the brain particular perceptual and cognitive processes occur. Electroencephalography
(EEG) and cerebral evoked potentials (EPs) including motor EPs with transcranial magnetic
stimulation allow us to view activity or problems within the human brain, without
invasive neurosurgery. Thus, “localization” or “specialization” of various functions
in the cerebral cortices as well as the subcortical structures has been elucidated
in normal subjects and patients with neurological disorders. These findings have greatly
contributed to the understanding of the brain functions in human. Each non-invasive
method has advantages and disadvantages so that the neurologists should choose the
appropriate way to assess the brain function. EEG is extremely useful for the assessment
of the epilepsy and consciousness disturbance by recording from electrodes placed
on the scalp. EPs are capable of detecting changes in electrical activity in the brain
on a millisecond-level: visual, auditory, somatosensory and motor systems are evaluated
quantitatively. In this talk, I will focus on the above mentioned electrophysiological
techniques and demonstrate their feasibility in clinical neurology.
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