A tight metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons is a key feature of brain
energy metabolism (Magistretti and Allaman, Neuron, 2015). Over the years we have
described two basic mechanisms of neurometabolic coupling. First the glycogenolytic
effect of VIP and of noradrenaline indicating a regulation of brain homeostasis by
neurotransmitters acting on astrocytes, as glycogen is exclusively localized in these
cells. Second, the glutamate-stimulated aerobic glycolysis in astrocytes. Both the
VIP-and noradrenaline-induced glycogenolysis and the glutamate-stimulated aerobic
glycolysis result in the release of lactate from astrocytes as an energy substrate
for neurons (Magistretti and Allaman, Neuron, 2015).
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