The traditional role of microglia has been in brain infection and disease, phagocytosing
debris and secreting factors to modify disease progression. Recent evidence extends
their role to healthy brain homeostasis, including regulation of cell death, synapse
formation and elimination, neurogenesis and neuronal surveillance. These actions contribute
to the maturation and plasticity of neural circuits that ultimately shape behaviour.
In this session, we showed microglial contributions to the development, plasticity
and maintenance of neural circuits with a focus on interactions with synapses. We
introduce this topic by reviewing recent studies on the migration and proliferation
of microglia within the brain, and conclude with the proposal that microglia dysfunction
may adversely affect brain function, and thereby contribute to the development of
psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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