Highlights
- •PEDF is increased in CSF of patients with AD, FTD, and bacterial meningitis.
- •PEDF is also elevated in serum of patients with AD.
- •Elevated PEDF in CSF of AD patients is mostly due to elevated PEDF in serum.
- •It is important to relate protein concentrations in CSF to serum concentrations.
- •This helps to avoid erroneous interpretations of increased protein in lumbar CSF.
Abstract
Pigment-epithelium derived factor (PEDF) is a neurotrophic factor with neuroprotective,
anti-tumorigenic, and anti-angiogenic effects. Elevated levels of PEDF have previously
been proposed as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. However,
the origin of PEDF in CSF, i.e. whether it is derived from the brain or from the systemic
circulation, and the specificity of this finding hitherto remained unclear. Here,
we analyzed levels of PEDF in paired CSF and serum samples by ELISA in patients with
Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 12), frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 6), vascular dementia (n = 4), bacterial meningitis (n = 8), multiple sclerosis (n = 32), pseudotumor cerebri (n = 36), and diverse non-inflammatory neurological diseases (n = 19). We established CSF/serum quotient diagrams to determine the fraction of intrathecally
synthesized PEDF in CSF. We found that PEDF is significantly increased in CSF of patients
with AD, FTD, and bacterial meningitis. Remarkably, PEDF concentrations were also
significantly elevated in serum of patients with AD. CSF/serum quotient diagrams demonstrated
that elevated PEDF concentrations in CSF of patients with AD are mostly due to elevated
PEDF concentrations in serum. These findings underscore the importance of relating
concentrations of proteins in CSF to their respective concentrations in serum to avoid
erroneous interpretations of increased protein concentrations in lumbar CSF.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 17, 2017
Accepted:
January 16,
2017
Received in revised form:
December 7,
2016
Received:
July 14,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
