Highlights
- •The hippocampus is a part of limbic system playing important roles in the memory systems.
- •4 of 22 (18%) patients with isolated hippocampal infarcts presented major neurocognitive disorder.
- •Visual memory and spatial working memory, remembering the location of specific objects and the precise location metric coordinates were also disturbed.
- •Major cognitive disorder was developed due to anterior involvement of the hippocampus with little interindividual variation.
- •Verbal, visual memory and other cognitive deficits of our patients interfered with independence of everyday activities.
Abstract
Background and purpose
Major cognitive disorder (MND) following vascular events is known as second causes
of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acute onset MND due to isolated hippocampal
infarction has not been recognized as a specific subtype of vascular dementia, and
there is no validated criteria for the identification of such cases, either clinically
or radiologically.
Results
Among 7200 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, 22 patients (0.3%) showed acute
isolated ischemic lesions in the hippocampus. Four of them presented acute MND characterized
by confusion at the beginning of stroke and thereafter they developed typical clinical
characteristics of MND. These cases allowed us to delineate a specific type of dementia
characterized by confusion at stroke onset, dull and aimless appearance, verbal and
visual immediate or delayed memory deficits, dysexecutive syndrome. Major cognitive
disorder was developed due to anterior involvement of the hippocampus with little
interindividual variation. Stroke mechanism was artery-to-artery embolism or cardioembolism
which can explain isolated infarcts of the hippocampus.
Conclusions
Hippocampal MND generally occurred in acute bilateral isolated hippocampal infarcts.
The clinical characteristic of MND may be secondary to lesions of the body of the
hippocampus and interruption of the hippocampo-temporal pathways and cortical projections.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 03, 2016
Accepted:
November 2,
2016
Received in revised form:
October 31,
2016
Received:
July 15,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
