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Research Article| Volume 367, P291-297, August 15, 2016

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Evaluation of serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 as a biomarker for diagnosis of epilepsy

      Highlights

      • Epilepsy patients have lower serum MMP-3 levels than healthy controls.
      • Serum MMP-3 concentrations were significantly higher in males than in females.
      • Serum MMP-3 levels were significantly increased as a function of age.
      • Serum MMP-3 may be a potential biomarker for epilepsy if age and gender were considered.

      Abstract

      Objective

      Reliable molecular biomarkers for epilepsy have yet to be identified. The present study aims to evaluate the utility of serum metalloproteinase-3 as a diagnostic biomarker for epilepsy.

      Methods

      Serum MMP-3 levels were assessed in 227 individuals with epilepsy and 97 healthy control subjects. Individuals in the control group had no complaints or signs of any neurological disorder for at least 12 months before serum collection. The Luminex FLEXMAP 3D assay was used to determine serum MMP-3 levels.

      Results

      Compared with controls, subjects with epilepsy had significantly lower serum MMP-3 concentrations (p < 0.05). Serum MMP-3 concentrations were significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Serum MMP-3 concentrations were strongly correlated with age in both epileptic and control groups. For these reasons, ROC curve analyses were performed in age-matched and gender matched groups. In the population aged 20–40 years, when cut-off values of 23.87 ng/ml and 12.31 ng/ml were chosen for MMP-3 in males and females respectively, the sensitivity and specificity for patients with epilepsy versus controls were 72.22% and 76.67% for males, and 45% and 94.12% for females. And when cut-off MMP-3 concentrations of 20.70 ng/ml and 10.92 ng/ml were chosen for the ≥40 years age group, the sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between epileptic and control subjects were 85.71% and 47.62% versus 85.62% and 100% for male and female groups, respectively.

      Conclusions

      MMP-3 is reduced in epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls. The potential of MMP-3 as an epilepsy biomarker is limited to certain age brackets and depends on the gender.

      Abbreviations:

      MMP-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-3), EEG (electroencephalogram), ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), AED (anti-epileptic drug), ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristic), MG (Myasthenia gravis)

      Keywords

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