Highlights
- •Epilepsy patients have lower serum MMP-3 levels than healthy controls.
- •Serum MMP-3 concentrations were significantly higher in males than in females.
- •Serum MMP-3 levels were significantly increased as a function of age.
- •Serum MMP-3 may be a potential biomarker for epilepsy if age and gender were considered.
Abstract
Objective
Reliable molecular biomarkers for epilepsy have yet to be identified. The present
study aims to evaluate the utility of serum metalloproteinase-3 as a diagnostic biomarker
for epilepsy.
Methods
Serum MMP-3 levels were assessed in 227 individuals with epilepsy and 97 healthy control
subjects. Individuals in the control group had no complaints or signs of any neurological
disorder for at least 12 months before serum collection. The Luminex FLEXMAP 3D assay was used to determine
serum MMP-3 levels.
Results
Compared with controls, subjects with epilepsy had significantly lower serum MMP-3
concentrations (p < 0.05). Serum MMP-3 concentrations were significantly higher in males than in females
(p < 0.001). Furthermore, Serum MMP-3 concentrations were strongly correlated with age
in both epileptic and control groups. For these reasons, ROC curve analyses were performed
in age-matched and gender matched groups. In the population aged 20–40 years, when cut-off values of 23.87 ng/ml and 12.31 ng/ml were chosen for MMP-3 in males and females respectively, the sensitivity and
specificity for patients with epilepsy versus controls were 72.22% and 76.67% for
males, and 45% and 94.12% for females. And when cut-off MMP-3 concentrations of 20.70 ng/ml and 10.92 ng/ml were chosen for the ≥40 years age group, the sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between epileptic
and control subjects were 85.71% and 47.62% versus 85.62% and 100% for male and female
groups, respectively.
Conclusions
MMP-3 is reduced in epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls. The potential
of MMP-3 as an epilepsy biomarker is limited to certain age brackets and depends on
the gender.
Abbreviations:
MMP-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-3), EEG (electroencephalogram), ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), AED (anti-epileptic drug), ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristic), MG (Myasthenia gravis)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 14, 2016
Accepted:
June 12,
2016
Received in revised form:
May 24,
2016
Received:
April 2,
2016
Footnotes
☆Disclosure statement: DZ serves on the editorial advisory boards of Neural Regeneration Research and the Chinese Journal of Neurology; has received research support from the Chinese Ministry of Health, the Chinese Medical Association, and the China Association against Epilepsy; and has been a commissioner of the neurology branch of the Chinese Medical Association. All other authors report no disclosures.
Identification
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