Highlights
- •Parkinson’s disease is associated with wide variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms
- •PD subjects with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptoms were older with more severe motor and cognitive impairment.
- •An identification of co-morbid neuropsychiatric conditions in PD is very important.
- •Thus would support the clinical management of the disease and improve the QoL of patients and their caregivers.
Abstract
Background
Parkinson's disease [PD] is associated with wide variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms,
although it is primarily considered as a movement disorder.
Objective
To examine whether PD patients can be meaningfully classified into subgroups according
to their neuropsychiatric symptoms, reported by their caregivers.
Methods
Three hundred and sixty PD patients [mean age = 63.5, SD = 10.3] from the academic clinical setting were assessed with the 12-subscale Neuropsychiatric
Inventory Questionnaire [NPI]. A two-stage cluster analysis was used to identify the
subgroups groups of patients with specific neuropsychiatric profile.
Results
Three hundred and twenty-one PD patients [89%] showed at least one psychiatric symptom.
The most common symptoms were anxiety [73.1%], depression [64.7%], and apathy [51.7%],
and nighttime disturbance [51.3%], whereas the least common were euphoria [0.3%],
and delusions [1.7%]. The mean [SD] total NPI composite score was 16.9 [17.4]. Two
hundred eight PD subjects [58%] of the total sample had at least one symptom with
a score ≥4. Three clusters were identified: a] Cluster 1, with no or few NPI symptoms [n = 200; 55.6%]; b] Cluster 2, with mild to moderate symptoms on depression, anxiety and
apathy scales [n = 140; 38.9%]; and c] Cluster 3 with high agitation, disinhibition and irritability
scores [n = 20 patients; 5.6%]. PD subjects with clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptoms
were older with more severe motor and cognitive impairment.
Conclusions
This study emphasizes the high prevalence and importance of neuropsychiatric symptoms
in PD patients; therefore clinicians should also focus on treating in parallel with
motor symptoms.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 12, 2016
Accepted:
June 10,
2016
Received in revised form:
May 12,
2016
Received:
January 14,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
