Highlights
- •Neuromuscular complications in cancer are frequent.
- •Mechanisms comprise toxicity, neoplastic infiltration, paraneoplastic, metabolic and inflammatory causes.
- •Precise differential diagnosis is essential for treatment.
- •Drug toxicity can be a dose limiting factor of cancer therapy.
Abstract
Cancer is becoming a treatable and even often curable disease. The neuromuscular system
can be affected by direct tumor invasion or metastasis, neuroendocrine, metabolic,
dysimmune/inflammatory, infections and toxic as well as paraneoplastic conditions.
Due to the nature of cancer treatment, which frequently is based on a DNA damaging
mechanism, treatment related toxic side effects are frequent and the correct identification
of the causative mechanism is necessary to initiate the proper treatment.
The peripheral nervous system is conventionally divided into nerve roots, the proximal
nerves and plexus, the peripheral nerves (mono- and polyneuropathies), the site of
neuromuscular transmission and muscle. This review is based on the anatomic distribution
of the peripheral nervous system, divided into cranial nerves (CN), motor neuron (MND),
nerve roots, plexus, peripheral nerve, the neuromuscular junction and muscle.
The various etiologies of neuromuscular complications – neoplastic, surgical and mechanic,
toxic, metabolic, endocrine, and paraneoplastic/immune – are discussed separately
for each part of the peripheral nervous system.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of the Neurological SciencesAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Screening for tumours in paraneoplastic syndromes: report of an EFNS task force.Eur. J. Neurol. 2011; 18 (19-e3)
- The effects of neuromuscular alterations in elders with cancer.Semin. Oncol. Nurs. 2006; 22: 36-42
- Senior adult oncology.J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. 2012; 10: 162-209
- Neurotoxicity of radiation therapy.Neurol. Clin. 2010; 28: 217-234
- Radiation recall with anticancer agents.Oncologist. 2010; 15: 1227-1237
- Genome-wide association study identifies ephrin type A receptors implicated in paclitaxel induced peripheral sensory neuropathy.J. Med. Genet. 2013; 50: 599-605
- Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome in the PNS Euronetwork database: a European study from 20 centers.Arch. Neurol. 2010; 67: 330-335
- Imaging the cranial nerves in cancer.Cancer Imaging. 2004; 4: S1-S5
- Metastasis to the base of the skull: clinical findings in 43 patients.Neurology. 1981; 31: 530-537
- Cancer around the brain.Neurooncology Practice. 2014; 1: 13-21
- Sixth cranial nerve palsy caused by gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis to the clivus.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. 2015; 57: 208-210
- Retrograde perineural extension of a metastatic recurrence of a frontal skin tumor.Ann. Radiol. 1992; 35: 467-471
- Diagnostic dilemma: slowly progressive cranial nerve palsies.MJA. 2006; 184: 641-643
- Facial pain and multiple cranial palsies in a patient with skin cancer.Journal of Headache and Pain. 2011; 12: 381-383
- Nerve afflictions of maxillofacial region: a report of two cases.BMJ Case Reports. 2013; 2013 (bcr2013201002)
- Cranial neuropathy as a presenting sign of recurrent aggressive skin cancer.Dermatol. Surg. 2008; 34: 483-497
- Primary CNS lymphoma.Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 2015; 26: 526-533
- Metastasis of solid tumors in extraocular muscles.Acta Neuropathol. 1984; 65: 168-171
- Granulocytic sarcoma of the orbit presenting as a fulminant orbitopathy in an adult with acute myeloid leukemia.Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Apr 7 2015; https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP
- Enophthalmos and metastatic carcinoma of the breast.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1985; 48: 1305-1306
- Perineural spread of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via the orbit. Clinical features and outcome in 21 cases.Ophthalmology. 1997; 104: 1457-1462
- Unilateral trigeminal mandibular motor neuropathy caused by tumor in the foramen ovale.J. Clin. Neurol. 2006; 2: 194-197
- Trigeminal neuropathy secondary to perineural invasion of head and neck carcinomas.Neurology. 1999; 53: 213-216
- Numb chin syndrome as first symptom of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Case Rep. Dent. 2014; 2014 (Epub 2014 Dec 16): 413162https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/413162
- Primary glioblastoma of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone: case report.J. Neurosurg. 2015; 122: 78-81
- Images in clinical medicine. Zosteriform metastases from malignant melanoma.N. Engl. J. Med. 2014; 370: e22
- Lesson of the week zosteriform metastasis from melanoma.BMJ. 2003; 326: 1025-1026
- Primary neurolymphomatosis of the lower cranial nerves presenting as dysphagia and hoarseness: a case report.J. Neurol. Surg. Rep. 2014; 75: e62-e66
- Cranial nerve involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: response to radiotherapy and its clinical impact.Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 2006; 115: 340-345
M: S. Iatrogene Nervenläsionen. Injektion, Operation, Lagerung, Strahlentherapie. Thieme 1996 PubMed Central ed 2 Stuttgart: 1996.
- Disorders of the lower cranial nerves.J. Neurosci. Rural Pract. 2015; 6: 377-391
- Preoperative embolization of hypervascular head and neck tumours.Australas. Radiol. 2007; 51: 446-452
- The vascular territories (angiosomes) of the body: experimental study and clinical applications.Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1987; 40: 113-141
- Unexpected late radiation neurotoxicity following bevacizumab use: a case series.J. Neuro-Oncol. 2011; 102: 485-490
- Radiation-induced lower cranial nerve palsy in patients with head and neck carcinoma.Mol. Clin. Oncol. 2015; 3: 811-816
- Radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy: a cross-sectional study of nasopharyngeal cancer patients after definitive radiotherapy.Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2011; 79: 1421-1427
- Radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy.Cancer. 1977; 40: 152
- Post-irradiation myokymia and neuromyotonia in unilateral tongue and mentalis muscles: report of a case.Acta Neurol. Taiwanica. 2007; 16: 33-36
- Radiation-related vocal fold palsy in patients with head and neck carcinoma.J. Med. Assoc. Thail. 2012; 95: S23-S28
- Tolerance of cranial nerves of the cavernous sinus to radiosurgery.Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1993; 27: 215-221
- Facial nerve damage in the treatment of tumours of the parotid gland.Clin. Oncol. 1984; 10: 345-351
- Late onset malnutrition from esophageal and phrenic dysfunction after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report.Nutrition. 2011; 27: 1206-1208
- Vincristine induced cranial neuropathy.J. Assoc. Physicians India. 2012; 60: 56-58
- Toxic optic neuropathy in the setting of docetaxel chemotherapy: a case report.BMC Ophthalmol. 2014; 14: 18
- Severe visual loss in a breast cancer patient on chemotherapy.Med. Oncol. 2012; 29: 2567-2569
- Unusual symptoms for tamoxifen-associated maculopathy.Der Ophthalmologe: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft. 2010; 107: 750-752
- Posterior segment toxicity after gemcitabine and docetaxel chemotherapy.Optom. Vis. Sci. 2015; 92: e110-e113
- Practical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer.J. Oncol. Pract. 2006; 2: 7-14
- Amyloidomas of the nervous system: a monoclonal B-cell disorder with monotypic amyloid light chain lambda amyloid production.Cancer. 1998; 82: 362-374
- Amyloidoma of the gasserian ganglion as a cause of symptomatic neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve: report of three cases.J. Neurol. 1993; 241: 10-14
- Amyloidoma of the gasserian ganglion.Surg. Neurol. 1976; 6: 357-359
- Amyloidoma of the gasserian ganglion.Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1998; 19: 1853-1855
- Paraneoplastic syndromes in neuro-ophthalmology.J. Neuroophthalmol. 2015; 35: 306-314
- A case of paraneoplastic optic neuropathy and outer retinitis positive for autoantibodies against collapsin response mediator protein-5, recoverin, and alpha-enolase.BMC Ophthalmol. 2014; 14: 5
- Paraneoplastic syndromes in otoneuro-ophthalmology.Rev. Neurol. 2000; 31: 1206-1212
- Isolated oculomotor nerve palsy as a paraneoplastic manifestation of gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report.Oncol. Lett. 2014; 8: 1983-1985
- An unusual cause of bilateral ophthalmoplegia.BMJ Case Rep. 2010; (bcr0920103353)
- Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: review of preventive strategies and treatment.Pharmacotherapy. 2005; 25: 540-554
- Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: pathobiology, epidemiology and management.SADJ. 2010; 65: 372-374
- IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumors mimicking multiple meningiomas.Jpn. J. Radiol. 2013; 31: 405-407
- Histopathological changes of the human spinal cord–with special reference to latent lesions found in spinal cords of the aged.Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai zasshi. 1983; 57: 729-739
- Primary lateral sclerosis and lung adenocarcinoma.Rev. Mal. Respir. 2013; 30: 227-230
- Subacute motor neuronopathy: a remote effect of lymphoma.Ann. Neurol. 1979; 5: 271-287
- Paraneoplastic subacute lower motor neuron syndrome associated with solid cancer.J. Neurol. Sci. 2015; 358: 413-416
- Autoimmune myelopathies.Continuum. 2011; 17: 776-799
- Zoster-associated segmental paresis in a patient with cervical spinal stenosis.J. Int. Med. Res. 2013; 41: 907-913
- Zoster paresis: asymptomatic MRI lesions far beyond the site of rash and focal weakness.J. Neurol. Sci. 2013; 330: 119-120
- Late appearance of dropped head syndrome after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.Muscle Nerve. Nov 2006; 34: 666-669
- Postradiation lower motor neuron syndrome: case series and literature review.J. Neurol. 2013; 260: 1802-1806
- Association of a paraneoplastic motor neuron disease with anti-Ri antibodies and a novel SOD1 I18del mutation.J. Neurol. Sci. 2014; 337: 212-214
- Ri/Nova gene-associated paraneoplastic subacute motor neuronopathy.Muscle Nerve. 2013; 47: 617-618
- Motor neuron syndromes in cancer patients.Ann. Neurol. 1997; 41: 722-730
- Glycine receptor antibodies in PERM and related syndromes: characteristics, clinical features and outcomes.Brain. 2014; 137: 2178-2192
- Autoimmune stiff person syndrome and related myelopathies: understanding of electrophysiological and immunological processes.Muscle Nerve. 2012; 45: 623-634
- Antibodies to inhibitory synaptic proteins in neurological syndromes associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoimmunity.PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0121364
- Stiff-person syndrome with amphiphysin antibodies: distinctive features of a rare disease.Neurology. 2008; 71: 1955-1958
- Cell-surface central nervous system autoantibodies: clinical relevance and emerging paradigms.Ann. Neurol. 2014; 76: 168-184
- Glycine receptor antibodies and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus with predominant motor neuron degeneration–expanding the clinical spectrum.J. Neurol. Sci. 2015; 353: 177-178
- Anti-GAD antibody positive stiff-limb syndrome in multiple myeloma.J. Neuro-Oncol. 2003; 65: 173-175
- Neurologic complications in prostatic carcinoma.Prostate. 1981; 2: 417-423
- Renal carcinoma relapse presenting as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor.Neurochirurgie. 2013; 59: 128-132
- Metastatic involvement of sacral nerve roots from uterine carcinoma: a case report.Spine J. 2008; 8: 849-852
- T-cell lymphoma mimicking schwannoma of a cervical nerve root.Neurosurg. Rev. 2009; 32: 117-121
- Neuropathy in lymphoma: a relationship between the pattern of neuropathy, type of lymphoma and prognosis?.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2008; 79: 778-782
- Spinal myeloid sarcoma “chloroma” presenting as cervical radiculopathy: case report.Global Spine J. 2015; 5: 241-246
- Malignant cell infiltration in the peripheral nervous system.Handb. Clin. Neurol. 2013; 115: 685-712
- Lumbosacral radiculopathy.Neurol. Clin. 2007; 25: 387-405
- Metastatic carcinoma in the central nervous system and dorsal root ganglia. A prospective autopsy study.Cancer. 1963; 16: 781-787
- Metastasis of breast cancer to a lumbar spinal nerve root ganglion.Spine. 2009; 34: E735-E739
- Cord compression caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis within the epidural space.J. Neuro-Oncol. 2008; 86: 173-174
- Sacral nerve root neurolymphomatosis diagnosed on FDG-PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging.Clin. Nucl. Med. 2008; 33: 30-31
- Rarer causes of radiculopathy: spinal tumors, infections, and other unusual causes.Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am. 2002; 13: 646-696
- The use of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of spinal axis tumors: a review.Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2014; 125: 166-172
- Late radiation injury to peripheral nerves.Handb. Clin. Neurol. 2013; 115: 743-758
- Postradiation lumbosacral radiculopathy with spinal root cavernomas mimicking carcinomatous meningitis.Neuro-Oncology. 2008; 10: 1035-1039
- Considering symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis in the differential diagnosis.Am. J. Hosp. Palliat. Care. 2013; 30: 617-619
- Transforaminal epidural steroid injection in the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pain caused by epidural lipomatosis: a case series and review.J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil. 2014; 27: 181-190
- Spinal epidural lipomatosis in myeloma.Leuk. Lymphoma. 2007; 48: 2068-2070
- Rapid progression of spinal epidural lipomatosis.Eur. Spine J. 2012; 21: S408-S412
- Symptomatic epidural lipomatosis in ectopic Cushing's syndrome.Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2004; 151: 765-769
- The neurotoxicity of drugs given intrathecally (spinal).Anesth. Analg. 1999; 88: 797-809
- Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy.Indian J. Dermatol. 2012; 57: 260-264
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by recurrent intractable generalized herpes zoster responsive to long-term acyclovir therapy.Kansenshogaku zasshi. 1999; 73: 341-345
- A thoracic tuberculous spondylodisctis after intravesical BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer - case report and literature review.Neurol. Neurochir. Pol. 2015; 49: 460-466
- Multivertebral tubercular spondylodiscitis with abscesses in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 2014; 31: 664-666
- Anti Ma2-associated myeloradiculopathy: expanding the phenotype of anti-Ma2 associated paraneoplastic syndromes.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2012; 83: 232-233
- Subacute paraneoplastic radiculomyelitis associated with Hodgkin lymphoma.J. Neurol. 1996; 243: 489-491
- Selective hypertrophy of the cauda equina nerve roots.J. Neurol. 2002; 249: 337-340
- Multifocal radiculoneuropathy during ipilimumab treatment of melanoma.Muscle Nerve. 2013; 48: 440-444
- Differential diagnosis between radiation and tumor plexopathy of the pelvis.Neurology. 1985; 35: 1-7
- Brachial plexopathy.Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol. Jan 2013; 16: 12-18
- Brachial plexopathy: recurrent cancer or radiation?.Neurology. 1984; 34: 1331-1335
- Complications from stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer.Cancer. 2015; 7: 981-1004
- Malignant brachial plexopathy: a pictorial essay of MRI findings.Indian J. Radiol. Imaging. 2010; 20: 274-278
- Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 39: 1325-1331
- Radiation-induced neuropathies: collateral damage of improved cancer prognosis.Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 2012; 168: 939-950
- Spinal accessory nerve palsy: associated signs and symptoms.J. Orthop. Sports Phys. 2008; 38: 78-86
- Cruveilhier plexus: an anatomical study and a potential cause of failed treatments for occipital neuralgia and muscular and facet denervation procedures.J. Neurosurg. 2011; 115: 929-933
- A study of neck and shoulder morbidity following neck dissection: the benefits of cervical plexus preservation.Ear Nose Throat J. 2015; 94: 330-344
- Cervicogenic headache arising from hidden metastasis to cervical lymph node adjacent to the superficial cervical plexus - a case report.Korean J. Anesthesiol. 2011; 60: 134-137
- Perineural tumor spread - interconnection between spinal and cranial nerves.J. Neurol. Sci. 2012; 323: 254-256
- Origin of shoulder pain after “neck dissection”. Importance of the cervical plexus.HNO. 2002; 50: 544-552
- Morbidity of the neck after head and neck cancer therapy.Head Neck. 2004; 26: 785-791
- Late effects of breast cancer treatment and potentials for rehabilitation.Acta Oncol. 2011; 50: 187-193
- Cervicobrachialgia and pancoast tumor: value of standard anteroposterior cervical radiographs in early diagnosis.Orthopedics. 2004; 27: 1092-1095
- Nerve plexus metastases.Neurol. Clin. 1991; 9: 857-866
- Perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma: from skin to skin through the brachial plexus.Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2015; 128: 90-93
- A case of Pancoast tumor with unusual presentation.J. Brachial. Plex. Peripher. Nerve Inj. 2015; 10: e53-e56
- The combined neurosurgical thoracic management of superior sulcus tumors.J. Clin. Oncol. 1987; 5: 1739-1745
- Brachial plexus neuropathy as unusual onset of diffuse neurolymphomatosis.Neurol. Sci. 2000; 21: 241-245
- Neurolymphomatosis of brachial plexus in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Case Rep Oncol. Med. 2013; 492329
- Assessment of brachial plexus neurolymphomatosis by brachial plexus biopsy and PET/CT. Report of a case.Muscle Nerve. 2010; 41: 423-426
- High-grade B-cell NHL of the brachial plexus followed by infiltration of the spinal cord.J. Neurol. 2008; 255: 135-137
- Malignant radiculopathy and plexopathy.in: Vinken P.J. Bruyn G.W. Neurooncology Part III. Elsevier, Amsterdam1997: 71-103
- Perineural spread of malignant melanoma from the mandible to the brachial plexus: case report.J. Neurosurg. 2015; 122: 784-790
- Radiation-induced neuropathy in cancer survivors.Radiother. Oncol. 2012; 105: 273-282
- Early onset of bilateral brachial plexopathy during mantle radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.Clin. Oncol. (R Coll. Radiol.). 2000; 12: 289-291
- Radiation-associated Neurotoxicity.Hospital Physician, April 1999: 54-58
- Radiation therapy to the plexus brachialis in breast cancer patients: analysis of paresthesia in relation to dose and volume.Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2015; 92: 277-283
- Neurologic complications of radiation therapy.in: Schiff D. Kesari S. Wen P.Y. Cancer Neurology in Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New Jersey2008: 259-286
- Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy: MR and clinical findings.AJNR. 1996; 17: 1932-1936
- Acute ischemic brachial plexus neuropathy following radiation therapy.Neurology. 1989; 39: 450-451
- Brachial plexus dose tolerance in head and neck cancer patients treated with sequential intensity modulated radiation therapy.Radiat. Oncol. 2015; 10: 94
- Malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath (MPNST) after irradiation.Pathologica. 1997; 89: 441-445
- Radiation-induced malignant and atypical peripheral nerve sheath tumors.Ann. Neurol. 1980; 7: 311-318
- Role of EMG evaluation in muscle hyperactivity syndromes.J. Neurol. 2004; 251: 251-260
- Brachial amyotrophic diparesis associated with anti-Hu positive anterior horn cell disease and autonomic disorder.J. Neurol. 2013; 260: 301-302
- Paraneoplastic brachial plexopathy in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.Mayo Clin. Proc. 1991; 66: 97-101
- Brachial plexus lesions in patients with cancer = 100 cases.Neurology. 1981; 31: 45-50
- Pelvic radiculopathies, lumbosacral plexopathies, and neuropathies in oncologic disease: a multidisciplinary approach to a diagnostic challenge.Cancer Imaging. 2013; 13: 591-601
- The malignant psoas syndrome revisited: case report, mechanisms, and current therapeutic options.J. Palliat. Med. 2010; 13: 211-216
- “Hot and dry foot” as initial manifestation of neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy.Neurology. 1989; : 871
- Perineural spread of pelvic malignancies to the lumbosacral plexus and beyond: clinical and imaging patterns.Neurosurg. Focus. 2015; 39: E14
- Neoplastic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy in prostate cancer by direct perineural spread: an unusual entity.Muscle Nerve. 2006; 34: 659-665
- Adenocarcinoma of the prostate involving the lumbosacral plexus: MRI evidence to support direct perineural spread.Acta Neurochir. 2010; 152: 1567-1576
- Prostate cancer with perineural spread and dural extension causing bilateral lumbosacral plexopathy: case report.J. Neurosurg. 2015; 122: 778-783
- Prognostic role of perineural invasion in 239 consecutive patients with pathologically organ-confined prostate cancer.Urol. Int. 2010; 85: 396-400
- Recurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma with perineural spread to the lumbosacral plexus and sciatic nerve: comparing high resolution MRI with torso and endorectal coils and F-18 FDG and C-11 choline PET/CT.Abdom. Imaging. 2013; 38: 1155-1160
- Dose delivered to the lumbosacral plexus from high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer.Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 2015; 25: 897-902
- Isolated extramedullary myeloid sarcoma causing cauda equina compression in a young male.Case Report. 2013; 2: 246-249
- Post-irradiation lower motor neuron syndrome: neuronopathy or radiculopathy?.Brain. 1997; 1997: 1429-1439
- Diagnosis and management of neurolymphomatosis.Cancer J. 2012; 18: 463-468
- Neurolymphomatosis: an International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group report.Blood. 2010; 115: 5005-5011
- Neuropathies associated with lymphoma.Neuro-Oncology Practice. 2015; 2: 167-178
- Neurolymphomatosis.Neuro-Oncology. 2003; 5: 104-115
- Peripheral nerve involvement in lymphoma: the meninges as the crucial barrier between meningoradicular spread and neurolymphomatosis.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2007; 12: 58-60
- Angiotropic large cell lymphoma with mononeuritis multiplex mimicking systemic vasculitis.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1995; 58: 363-366
- Clinicopathological features of neuropathy associated with lymphoma.Brain. 2013; 136: 2563-2578
- Leukemia and the peripheral nervous system: a review.J. Leuk. 2015; 3: 1https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-69171000162
- Amyloid neuropathies.Mt Sinai J. Med. 2012; 79: 733-748
- Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2014 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.Am. J. Hematol. 2014; 89: 1132-1140
- Paraneoplastic neuropathies.Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2013; 26: 489-495
- Paraneoplastic neuropathy.Handb. Clin. Neurol. 2013; 115: 713-726
- Lymphoma-associated dysimmune polyneuropathies.J. Neurol. Sci. 2015; 355: 25-36
- Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy associated with anti-Hu antibodies. A clinical and electrophysiological study of 20 patients.Brain. 2002; 125: 166-175
- Ganglionitis in paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuronopathy: a morphologic study.Neurology. 1997; 49: 1156-1159
- Generalized pruritus preceding paraneoplastic neuropathy.J. Clin. Neurosci. 2015; (pii: S0967-5868(15)00548-2)
- Paraneoplastic neuropathy: wide-ranging clinicopathological manifestations.Curr Opin Neurol. 2011; 24: 504-510
- Subacute sensory neuropathy with remission: an association with lymphoma.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1982; 45: 83-85
- Anti-Hu antibodies, sensory neuropathy, and Holmes-Adie syndrome in a patient with seminoma.Neurology. 2005; 64: 164-165
- Treatment for paraneoplastic neuropathies.Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2012; 12: CD007625
- Identifying a therapeutic window in acute and subacute inflammatory sensory neuronopathies.J. Neurol. Sci. 2016; 361: 187-191
- Incidence of polyneuropathy in Utrecht, the Netherlands.Neurology. 2015; 84: 259-264
- Peripheral neuropathies associated with antibodies directed to intracellular neural antigens.Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 2014; 170: 570-576
- Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy in Burkitt-like lymphoma.Muscle Nerve. 2006; 34: 494-498
- Spectrum of paraneoplastic disease associated with lymphoma.Neurology. 2011; 76: 705-710
- Demyelinating neuropathy with anti-CRMP5 antibodies predating diagnosis of breast carcinoma: favorable outcome after cancer therapy.Muscle Nerve. 2011; 43: 764-766
- A case of Miller Fisher syndrome during preoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer.Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2015; 8: 16914-16917
- Clinical manifestations of vasculitis in patients with solid tumors. A case report and review of the literature.Arch. Intern. Med. 1994; 154: 334-340
- Paraneoplastic mononeuritis multiplex in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.J. Clin. Neurosci. 2006; 13: 595-598
- Vasculitic neuropathy–electrodiagnostic findings and association with malignancies.Acta Neurol. Scand. 2007; 115: 432-436
- Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2004; 75: 1135-1140
- Antibody testing in peripheral nerve disorders.Handb. Clin. Neurol. 2013; 115: 189-212
- Platinum-induced neurotoxicity and preventive strategies: past, present, and future.Oncologist. 2015; 20: 411-432
- Peripheral neuropathies from chemotherapeutics and targeted agents: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.Neuro-Oncology. 2012; 14: iv45-iv54
- Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2008; 13: 27-46
- Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in adults: a comprehensive update of the literature.Cancer Manag. Res. 2014; 6: 135-147
- Early predictors of oxaliplatin-induced cumulative neuropathy in colorectal cancer patients.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2014; 85: 392-398
- A case of eribulin mesylate and demyelinating polyneuropathy with myokymic discharges.Muscle Nerve. 2016; 53: 151-152
- Peripheral neuropathies from chemotherapeutics and targeted agents: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.Neuro-Oncology. Sep 2012; 14: iv45-iv54https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/nos203
- Incidence and risk of peripheral neuropathy with nab-paclitaxel in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis.Eur. J. Cancer Care. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12407
- Analysis of side effect profile of alopecia, nail changes, peripheral neuropathy, and dysgeusia in prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel and cabazitaxel.Clin. Genitourin. Cancer. 2015; 13: e205-e208
- Ixabepilone-associated peripheral neuropathy: data from across the phase II and III clinical trials.Support. Care Cancer. 2012; 20: 2661-2668
- Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: pathogenesis and emerging therapies.Support. Care Cancer. 2004; 12: 619-625
- A phase II study of eribulin in Japanese patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer.Ann. Oncol. 2012; 23: 1441-1448
- A case of delayed oxaliplatin-induced pseudo-obstruction: an atypical presentation of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity.Acta Clin. Belg. 2015; 70: 207-210
- Pain and neuropathy in cancer survivors. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can cause pain; research could improve its detection and treatment.Am. J. Nurs. 2006; 106: 39-47
- Chronic pain management in cancer survivors.J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw. 2010; 8: 1104-1110
- Platinum organ toxicity and possible prevention in patients with testicular cancer.Int. J. Cancer. 1999; 83: 866-869
- Vincristine-induced neuropathy in childhood ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) Survivors: prevalence and electrophysiological characteristics.J. Child Neurol. 2014; 29: 932-937
- Peripheral neuropathy in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2009; 14: 184-189
- Persistent chemoneuropathy in patients receiving the plant alkaloids paclitaxel and vincristine.Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2013; 71: 619-626
- Successful management with intravenous immunoglobulins in alemtuzumab-induced acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy: clinical report of three patients.Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 2012; 34: 717-720
- Monoclonal antibody therapy-associated neurological disorders.Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2011; 7: 165-172
- Severe peripheral neuropathy following carfilzomib, rituximab, and dexamethasone for initial treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.Ann. Hematol. 2016; 95: 347-348
- Severe cutaneous and neurologic toxicity in melanoma patients during vemurafenib administration following anti-PD-1 therapy.Cancer Immunol. Res. 2013; 1: 373-377
- Intraepidermal nerve fiber density in rat foot pad: neuropathologic-neurophysiologic correlation.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2005; 10: 202-208
- Intraepidermal nerve fiber loss corresponds to the development of taxol-induced hyperalgesia and can be prevented by treatment with minocycline.Pain. 2011; 152: 308-313
- Somatic and autonomic small fiber neuropathy induced by bortezomib therapy: an immunofluorescence study.Neurol. Sci. 2011; 32: 361-363
- Characteristics of bortezomib- and thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2008; 13: 275-282
- Paraneoplastic erythromelalgia associated with breast carcinoma.Int. J. Dermatol. 2012; 51: 878-880
- Small fiber neuropathy associated with multiple myeloma and IgA monoclonal gammopathy.Ann. Hematol. 2009; 88: 1043-1044
- Neurological complications in plasma cell dyscrasias.Handb. Clin. Neurol. 2012; 105: 731-746
- Lymphoma and peripheral neuropathy: a clinical review.Muscle Nerve. Mar 2005; 31: 301-313
- Heterogeneous spectrum of neuropathies in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: a diagnostic strategy to optimize their management.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2012; 17: 90-101
- Motor nerve conduction study and muscle strength in newly diagnosed POEMS syndrome.Muscle Nerve. 2015; 51: 19-23
- Polyneuropathy improvement following autologous stem cell transplantation for POEMS syndrome.Neurology. 2015; 84: 1981-1987
- Bilateral phrenic nerve dysfunction: a late complication of mantle radiation.J. Neuro-Oncol. 2011; 103: 393-395
- Amyloidosis and POEMS syndrome.
- Intraneural nerve metastasis with multiple mononeuropathies.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2000; 5: 163-167
- Primary sciatic nerve lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2006; 77: 1087-1089
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as piriformis syndrome.Muscle Nerve. 2010; 41: 419-422
- Extraspinal sciatica revealing late metastatic disease from parotid carcinoma.J. Joint Bone Spine. 2010; 77: 64-66
- Isolated leukemic infiltration of peripheral nervous system.Muscle Nerve. 2015; 51: 290-293
- Chloroma of the forearm: a case report of leukemia recurrence presenting with compression neuropathy and tenosynovitis.Iowa Orthop. J. 2009; 29: 114-116
- Acute sciatica: an unusual presentation of extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Int. J. Hematol. 2007; 86: 163-165
- Mononeuropathy in chronic lymphatic leukaemia.Rev. Neurol. 2007; 45 (Article in Spanish): 233-235
- Obturator mononeuropathy caused by pelvic cancer: six cases.Neurology. 1993; 43: 1489-1492
- Infiltrative peripheral neuropathy of acute monoblastic leukemia during hematologic remission.Rinsho Ketsueki. 1994; 35: 876-880
- Neuroleukemiosis: case report of leukemic nerve infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Muscle Nerve. 2008; 38: 1196-1200
- T-cell lymphoma revealed by a mononeuritis multiplex: case report and review of literature.Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 2007; 163: 462-470
- Primary multifocal lymphoma of peripheral nervous system: case report and review of the literature.Muscle Nerve. 2014; 50: 1016-1022
- Inflammatory pseudotumor of nerve: clinicopathological characteristics and a potential therapy.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2010; 15: 216-226
- IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor of the trigeminal nerve: another component of IgG4-related sclerosing disease?.AJNR. 2011; 32: E150-E152
- Inflammatory pseudotumor of the peroneal nerve: case report and literature review.Ann. Diagn. Pathol. 2008; 12: 44-47
- Inflammatory pseudotumor of the median nerve. Case report and review of the literature.J. Neurosurg. 2010; 95: 124-128
- Arm pain in the patient with breast cancer.J. Pain Symptom Manag. 1990; 1990: 109-117
- No need to cut the nerve in LD reconstruction to avoid jumping of the breast: a prospective randomized study.J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. Aug 2014; 67: 1106-1110
- Neuropathy induced by hemorrhage.Arch. Neurol. 1969; 21: 381-386
- Acute median nerve compression by haemorrhage from acute myelomonocytic leukaemia.Med. J. Aust. 1985; 142: 51-52
- Hemorrhagic polyneuropathy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 2007; 12: 286-289
- Neurologic complications of autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with leukemia: a comparative study.Neurology. 1996; 46: 1004-1009
- Radiation therapy-induced phrenic neuropathy mimicking metastasis to the diaphragmatic crus on (1)(8)F-FDG PET/CT.J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 2014; 42: 68-69
- Radiotherapy-induced tumors of the spine, peripheral nerve, and spinal cord: Case report and literature review.Surg Neurol Int. 2016 Feb 10; 7: S108-115
- Vincristine neurotoxicity.Ann. Intern. Med. 1974; 80: 733-737
- Thalidomide-induced phrenic nerve paralysis.Leuk. Lymphoma. 2010; 51: 342-344
- Aromatase inhibitor-induced carpal tunnel syndrome: results from the ATAC trial.J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27: 4961-4965
- Anastrozole-induced carpal tunnel syndrome: results from the international breast cancer intervention study II prevention trial.J. Clin. Oncol. 2016; 34: 139-143
- Carpal tunnel syndrome and musculoskeletal symptoms in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer treated with exemestane or tamoxifen after 2-3 years of tamoxifen: a retrospective analysis of the Intergroup Exemestane Study.Lancet Oncol. 2012; 13: 420-432
- Carpal tunnel syndrome in breast cancer survivors with upper extremity lymphedema.Muscle Nerve. 2015; 51: 864-869
- Self-reported comorbid conditions and medication usage in breast cancer survivors with and without lymphedema.Oncol. Nurs. Forum. 2008; 35: 57-63
- Carpal tunnel syndrome and gynaecomastia during growth hormone treatment of elderly men with low circulating IGF-I concentrations.Clin. Endocrinol. 1993; 39: 417-425
- Primary amyloidosis presenting as upper limb multiple mononeuropathies.Muscle Nerve. 2010; 41: 710-715
- Multiple enlarged nerves on neurosonography: an unusual paraneoplastic case.Muscle Nerve. 2011; 43: 756-758
- Entrapment syndrome of multiple nerves in graft-versus-host disease.Muscle Nerve. 2014; 49: 138-142
- Herpes zoster segmental paresis in an immunocompromised breast cancer woman.Adv. Biomed. Res. 2015; 4: 170
- Herpes zoster and risk of cancer in the elderly US population.Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2016; 25: 28-35
- Acute weakness syndromes in the critically ill patient.Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2000; 81 (quiz S3–4): S45-S52
- Myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.Continuum. 2014; 20: 1413-1425
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: from clinical characteristics to therapeutic strategies.Lancet Neurol. 2011; 10: 1098-1107
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: tumor versus nontumor forms.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2008; 1132: 129-134
- Clinical Dutch-English Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) tumor association prediction score accurately predicts small-cell lung cancer in the LEMS.J. Clin. Oncol. 2011; 29: 902-908
- Ten-second exercise is superior to 30-second exercise for post-exercise facilitation in diagnosing Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.Muscle Nerve. 2008; 37: 572-575
- Clinical electrophysiological characterization of the acquired neuromyotonia phenotype of autoimmune peripheral nerve hyperexcitability.Muscle Nerve. 2006; 33: 801-808
- Morvan syndrome: clinical and serological observations in 29 cases.Ann. Neurol. 2012; 72: 241-255
- Paraneoplastic Isaacs' syndrome: a case series and review of the literature.J. Clin. Neuromuscul. Dis. 2012; 13: 228-233
- Peripheral small fiber dysfunction and neuropathic pain in patients with Morvan syndrome.Neurology. 2015; 85: 2076-2078
- Acquired neuromyotonia heralding recurrent thymoma in myasthenia gravis.JAMA Neurol. 2013; 70: 1311-1314
- Myokymia and neuromyotonia 2004.J. Neurol. 2004; 251: 138-142
- Neuromyotonia.Clin. Neurophysiol. 2006; 117: 2118-2127
- Phenotypic variants of autoimmune peripheral nerve hyperexcitability.Brain. 2002; 125: 1887-1895
- Syndrome of continuous muscle fiber activity and plasmacytoma with IgM paraproteinemia.Neurology. 1994; 44: 560-561
- Acquired neuromyotonia and peripheral neuropathy in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.Muscle Nerve. 2001; 24: 834-838
- Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia.Brain. 2010; 133: 2734-2748
- Rituximab therapy for Morvan syndrome associated with myasthenia gravis.Muscle Nerve. 2012; 46: 139-140
- Myasthenia gravis.Semin. Neurol. 2015; 35: 327-339
- Repetitive nerve stimulation and single-fiber electromyography in the evaluation of patients with suspected myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: review of recent literature.Muscle Nerve. 2015; 52: 455-462
- Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis without acetylcholine receptor antibodies.J. Neurol. Sci. 2011; 302: 112-113
- Thymoma and the increased risk of developing extrathymic malignancies: a multicentre study.Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2013; 44: 219-224
- Titin and ryanodine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis.Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 2006; 183: 19-23
- Muscle autoantibodies in subgroups of myasthenia gravis patients.J. Neurol. 2000; 247: 369-375
- Myasthenia gravis: association of British Neurologists' management guidelines.Pract. Neurol. 2015; 15: 199-206
- Myasthenia gravis: a review of available treatment approaches.Autoimmune Dis. 2011; 1: 847393-847396
- TxNxM1. The Anatomy and Clinics of Metastatic Cancer.Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York Boston2002
- Muscular metastasis.Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 2010; 166: 295-304
- Skeletal muscle metastases: primary tumours, prevalence, and radiological features.Eur. Radiol. 2010; 20: 649-658
- Muscular metastasis, a rare presentation of non-small-cell lung cancer.MedGenMed. 2007; 9: 20
- Latissimus dorsi flap invasion by ductal breast carcinoma after lipofilling.Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open. 2013; 1: e68
- Hypertrophic myopathy due to muscular metastasis of a signet cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder.Rev. Med. Interne. 2004; 25: 839-841
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in skeletal muscle.Ann. Oncol. 1991; 2: 501-504
- Double crush syndrome of the median nerve revealing a primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.Chir. Main. 2015; 34: 256-259
- Bilateral psoas muscle lymphoma: an unusual presentation of EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly.Int. J. Hematol. 2015; 02: 509-510
- Disseminated extranodal marginal zone lymphoma involving the gastrocnemius muscle with sural neurolymphomatosis.Ann. Hematol. 2015; 94: 1939-1940
- Oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy.Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 2003; 14: 199-212
- Progressive muscle atrophy and weakness after treatment by mantle field radiotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors.Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2012; 82: 612-618
- Bilateral myositis ossificans of the masseter muscle after chemoradiotherapy and critical illness neuropathy - report of a rare entity and review of literature.Neck Oncol. 2009; 1: 30
- Late radiation injury to muscle and peripheral nerves.Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995; 31: 1309-1318
- Gemcitabine-induced radiation recall myositis.Skelet. Radiol. 2015; 44: 451-455
- Delayed postirradiation camptocormia.BMJ Case Rep. 2013; (pii: bcr2013200083)
- Nemaline myopathy: a possible late complication of Hodgkin's disease therapy.Hum. Pathol. 2003; 34: 816-818
- Steroid myopathy in cancer patients.Neurology. 1997; 48: 1234-1238
- Steroid myopathy in cancer patients.Neurology. 1998; 51: 918
- Steroid myopathy: some unresolved issues.J. Endocrinol. Investig. 2011; 34: 370-375
- Corticosteroid-induced myopathy of the respiratory muscles.Neth. J. Med. 1994; 45: 114-122
- Exercise and glucocorticoid-induced diaphragmatic myopathy.J. Appl. Physiol. 1993; 75: 763-771
- Effects of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and [(+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)]propane (ICRF-187) on skeletal muscle protease activities.Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001; 171: 135-140
- A case of docetaxel induced myositis and review of the literature.Case Rep Rheumato. 2015; 2015: 795242
- Gemcitabine-induced myopathy.Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2014; 43: 784-791
- Acute myopathy in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma treated with gemcitabine and docetaxel.Anticancer Res. 2005; 25: 523-525
- All-trans retinoic acid-induced inflammatory myositis in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia.Pediatr. Radiol. 2014; 44: 1039-1041
- Bilateral diaphragm weakness after chemotherapy for lymphoma.Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2014; 189: e12
- Drug-associated dermatomyositis following ipilimumab therapy: a novel immune-mediated adverse event associated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 blockade.JAMA Dermatol. 2015; 151: 195-199
- Severe ischemic myopathy localized in an irradiated area following gemcitabine therapy.Presse Med. 2000; 29: 1650
- Gemcitabine-induced radiation recall myositis in a patient with dermatomyositis.Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 2014; 17: 696-697
- Cushing's syndrome associated with ectopic corticotropin production and small-cell lung cancer.J. Clin. Oncol. 1992; 10: 21-27
- Large cell variant of small cell carcinoma of the ovary with hypercalcemia.Ann. Pathol. 1998; 18: 197-200
- Amyloid myopathy: clinicopathological study of 16 cases.Hum. Pathol. 1998; 29: 463-468
- Bence-Jones protein-type myeloma with amyloid myopathy presenting as amyloidomas and extensive amyloid deposits in the muscularis propria: a rapidly fatal autopsy case.Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 2012; 20: 83-88
- Light chain myeloma with oro-pharyngeal amyloidosis presenting as bulbar paralysis.J. Neurol. Sci. 1997; 147: 205-208
- Myeloma disease with concomitant macroglossia: case report.Vestn. Otorinolaringol. 2010; : 73-76
- An overview of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.Muscle Nerve. 2015; 51: 638-656
- Long term follow up of 62 patients with myositis.J. Neurol. 2014; 261: 992-998
- Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and malignancy: a comprehensive review.Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 2015;
- Polymyalgia rheumatica in a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma - a case report.Pol. Merkur. Lekarski. 2015; 38: 164-165
- Acute myofascitis as a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease.Muscle Nerve. 2016; 53: 327-329
- Myositis associated graft-versus-host-disease presenting as respiratory muscle weakness.Thorax. 2001; 56: 82-84
- Neuromuscular complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Support. Care Cancer. 2014; 22: 2337-2341
- Acute rhabdomyolysis as a complication of cytarabine chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: case report and review of literature.Am. J. Hematol. 2002; 70: 320-323
- Acute rhabdomyolysis following administration of high-dose cyclophosphamide: case report.Ann. Hematol. 2002; 81: 55-56
- Multiple compartment syndrome in a pediatric patient with CML.J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2011; 31: 889-892
- Orbital myositis associated with ipilimumab.Ann. Dermatol. Venereol. 2013; 140: 448-451
- Immune related adverse events associated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC Med. 2015; 13: 211
- Drug-associated polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis occurring in two patients after treatment with ipilimumab, an antagonist of ctla-4.Arthritis Rheum. 2014; 66: 768-769
- Trismus and diffuse polymyalgia: an unusual presentation of recurrent metastatic ovarian cancer.BMJ Case Rep. 2014; 2014
- Prevalence of paraneoplastic rheumatic syndromes and their antibody profile among patients with solid tumours.Clin. Rheumatol. 2011; 30: 373-380
- Rheumatic disorders and functional disability with aromatase inhibitor therapy.Clin. Breast Cancer. 2010; 10: 144-147
- Prevalence, incidence and clinical impact of cachexia: facts and numbers-update 2014.J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014; 5: 261-263
- Cancer cachexia: from molecular mechanisms to patient's care.Crit. Rev. Oncog. 2012; 17: 315-321
- Molecular and neuroendocrine mechanisms of cancer cachexia.J. Endocrinol. 2015; 226: R29-R43
- Diaphragm and ventilatory dysfunction during cancer cachexia.FASEB J. 2013; 27: 2600-2610
- Ghrelin prevents tumour- and cisplatin-induced muscle wasting: characterization of multiple mechanisms involved.J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015; 6: 132-143
- Why women gain weight with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.J. Clin. Oncol. 1993; 11: 1418-1429
- Interventions for sarcopenia and muscle weakness in older people.Age Ageing. 2005; 34: 414-415
- Prevention and optimal management of sarcopenia: a review of combined exercise and nutrition interventions to improve muscle outcomes in older people.Clin. Interv. Aging. 2015; 10: 859-869
- New strategies to overcome cancer cachexia: from molecular mechanisms to the ‘Parallel Pathway’.Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008; 17: 387-390
- Treatment of cachexia in oncology.Indian J. Palliat. Care. 2010; 16: 129-137
- Myositis of chronic graft versus host disease.Neurology. 1983; 33: 1222-1224
- Myasthenia gravis after bone-marrow transplantation. Evidence for a donor origin.N. Engl. J. Med. 1983; 309: 1565-1568
- Polyneuropathy complicating bone marrow and solid organ transplantation.Neurology. 1993; 43: 1513-1518
- Polymyositis as a manifestation of chronic graftversus- host disease.Rheumatology. 2003; 42: 34-39
- Neurologic complications of bone marrow transplantation.Neurol. Clin. 2003; 21: 319-352
- Neurologic complications of bone marrow transplantation.Handb. Clin. Neurol. 2014; 121: 1295-1304
- Neurologic complications of bone marrow and stem-cell transplantation in patients with cancer.Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 2007; 9: 308-314
- Acute and chronic cancer pain syndromes.in: Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. third ed. Oxford University Press, New York2005
- Pain in cancer survivors.Br. J. Pain. 2014; 8: 139-153
- Pain syndromes in patients with cancer.Med. Clin. North Am. 1987; 71: 169-184
- Breakthrough pain characteristics and syndromes in patients with cancer pain. An international survey.Palliat. Med. 2004; 18: 177-183
- Management of cancer pain.Lancet. 1999; 353: 1695-1700
- Neuropathic cancer pain: what we are dealing with? How to manage it?.Onco. Targets Ther. 2014; 7: 599-618
- Painful peripheral neuropathies.Curr. Neuropharmacol. 2006; 4: 175-181
- Pain and neuropathy in cancer survivors.Cancer Nurs. 2006; 29: 39-47
- Chronic pain in the cancer survivor: a new frontier.Pain Med. 2007; 8: 189-198
- Management of chronic pain in cancer survivors.Cancer J. 2008; 14: 401-409
- The alternatives for chronic pain management in cancer survivors.J. Support. Oncol. 2012; 10: 96
- Regional pain syndromes in cancer patients.Curr. Rev. Pain. 2000; 4: 179-186
- The hand-foot-syndrome associated with medical tumor therapy - classification and management.J. Dtsch Dermatol. Ges. 2010; 8: 652-661
- Significant association between hand-foot syndrome and efficacy of capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2012; 35: 717-724
- Neurological complications of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study.Breast. 2015; 24: 582-587
- Neurological complications of breast cancer: study protocol of a prospective cohort study.BMJ Open. 2014; 4: e006301
- Perceptions of phantom rectum syndrome and health-related quality of life in patients following abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer.J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2013; 40: 280-286
- Hindquarter amputation: is it still needed and what are the outcomes?.Bone Joint J. 2013; 95-B: 127-131
Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 02, 2016
Accepted:
June 1,
2016
Received in revised form:
May 8,
2016
Received:
March 6,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
