Highlights
- •Cerebrospinal fluid BAFF and APRIL are elevated in herpes simplex encephalitis.
- •Cerebrospinal fluid BAFF and APRIL are elevated in bacterial meningitis.
- •Levels are not elevated in autoimmune encephalitis with antineuronal antibodies.
Abstract
The B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF)
and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are important factors for the survival
of transitional and mature B cells. High levels of BAFF and APRIL are present in adults
with several autoimmune diseases. However, there are few reports about BAFF and APRIL
levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with meningoencephalitis. We evaluated
BAFF and APRIL levels in CSF samples from patients with viral meningitis (VM) (28
patients), autoimmune encephalitis (AE) associated with antineuronal antibodies (15
patients), idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) (11 patients), herpes simplex
encephalitis (HSE) (9 patients), bacterial meningitis (BM) (6 patients), and cryptococcal
meningitis (CM) (4 patients). The CSF BAFF levels were significantly higher in patients
with HSE, BM, or VM than AE or iNPH, and significantly higher in patients with CM
than iNPH. The CSF APRIL levels were significantly higher in patients with HSE or
BM than AE, VM, or iNPH. Although this is a preliminary report due to within-group
variation and small sample size, the data suggest that CSF BAFF and APRIL levels are
increased in HSE and BM, but not AE.
Abbreviations:
AE (autoimmune encephalitis), APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), AMPAR (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor), BAFF (B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family), BM (bacterial meningitis), CM (cryptococcal meningitis), HSE (herpes simplex encephalitis), HSV (herpes simplex virus), NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor), VGKC (voltage-gated potassium channel), VM (viral meningitis)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 28, 2015
Accepted:
March 20,
2015
Received in revised form:
March 9,
2015
Received:
August 23,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
