Highlights
- •The prevalence of FOG was 46.62% in Chinese PD patients.
- •Old, long disease duration or low limbs as onset site patients reported more FOG.
- •FOG is related to motor severity.
- •FOG is related to urinary symptoms and depression.
- •FOG is related to falls and festination.
Abstract
A total of 474 Chinese Parkinson disease (PD) patients were evaluated to explore the
prevalence and clinical correlates of freezing of gait (FOG) in this cross-sectional
study. Two hundred and twenty-one PD patients (46.62%) reported FOG (freezers). FOG
occurred more frequently in older patients and patients with low limbs as the site
of onset, longer disease duration and higher Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the freezers had higher scores for
the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), PD
Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale
(HAMA), and lower scores for the Mini-Mental status examination (MMSE), frontal assessment
battery (FAB) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) compared with the non-freezers
(P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that festination, falls,
a high daily dose of levodopa, the use of a dopamine receptor agonist, a high H&Y
stage, the severity of urinary symptoms and a high HAMD score were associated with
FOG. FOG is a relatively common disabling symptom in Chinese PD patients. Patients
that were older, or reported a longer disease duration, low limbs as the site of onset
and a more severe disability were more likely to experience FOG. Non-motor symptoms,
especially urinary symptoms and depression, may also be related to FOG.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 08, 2014
Accepted:
July 1,
2014
Received in revised form:
June 9,
2014
Received:
March 15,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
