Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical research has produced remarkable results over the
past two decades leading to 9 marketed therapies that alter disease course. We have
learned a great deal about the science of MS clinical trials, especially for treatments
with anti-inflammatory agents. Moving forward, we would now like to apply what we
have learned to the new challenges of treating the degenerative aspects of this illness.
Doing so will have benefits not only for MS, but potentially for other neurodegenerative
diseases.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of the Neurological SciencesAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Current and emerging therapies in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2012; 5: 205-220
- Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group.Neurology. 1993; 43: 655-661
- The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis. Evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy.J Neurol. 2006; 253: 98-108
- Pathophysiology of inflammation and tissue injury in multiple sclerosis: what are the targets for therapy.J Neurol Sci. 2011; 306: 167-169
- Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.Nature. 2011; 476: 214-219
- Clinical results from AFFIRM: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial to determine the efficacy and safety of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).Neurology. 2005; 64: A146
- Natalizumab for the treatment of Crohn's disease.Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2010; 6: 513-519
- Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis.N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 1293-1303
- Leflunomide Aventis Pharma.Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2001; 2: 222-230
- Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited).Immunol Today. 1993; 14: 426-430
- The pathology of multiple sclerosis: a paradigm shift.Curr Opin Neurol. 2006; 19: 242-247
- Epstein–Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: a continuing conundrum.Neurology. 2012; 78: 11-12
- CCSVI and MS: no meaning, no fact.Neurol Sci. 2013; 34: 269-279
- Mechanisms of neurodegeneration shared between multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.J Neural Transm. 2011; 118: 747-752
- T helper type 1 and 17 cells determine efficacy of interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis and experimental encephalomyelitis.Nat Med. 2010; 16: 406-412
- Serum IL-17F does not predict poor response to IM IFNbeta-1a in relapsing–remitting MS.Neurology. 2012; 79: 531-537
- Acute axonal damage in multiple sclerosis is most extensive in early disease stages and decreases over time.Brain. 2002; 125: 2202-2212
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 10, 2013
Accepted:
February 18,
2013
Received:
January 2,
2013
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
