Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent non-hematopoietic precursor cells that
can be isolated from bone marrow and numerous other tissues, culture-expanded to purity,
and induced to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into mesodermal derivatives. MSCs exhibit many phenotypic and functional similarities
to pericytes. The immunomodulatory, tissue protective, and repair-promoting properties
of MSCs demonstrated both in vitro and in animal models make them an attractive potential therapy for MS and other conditions
characterized by inflammation and/or tissue injury. Other potential advantages of
MSCs as a therapeutic include the relative ease of culture expansion, relative immunoprivilege
allowing allogeneic transplantation, and their ability to traffic from blood to areas
of tissue allowing intravascular administration. The overall published experience
with MSC transplantation in MS is modest, but several small case series and preliminary
studies yielded promising results. Several groups, including us, recently initiated
formal studies of autologous, culture-expanded, bone marrow-derived MSC transplantation
in MS. Although there are several potential safety concerns, to date, the procedure
has been well tolerated. Future studies that more definitively assess efficacy also
will need to address several technical issues.
Abbreviations:
BM (bone marrow), CNS (central nervous system), EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale), FBS (fetal bovine serum), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), hMSC-CM (human mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium), IBMIR (instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction), IFN (interferon), IL (interleukin), IV (intravenous), MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), MS (multiple sclerosis), MSC (mesenchymal stem cell), TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 07, 2013
Accepted:
December 10,
2012
Received in revised form:
December 10,
2012
Received:
September 16,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
