Abstract
Objectives
This study examined the treatment patterns, direct healthcare costs and predictors
of treatment costs associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's
disease (PD).
Methods
This retrospective cohort study followed PD patients for 1‐year pre- and post-onset
of LID, using a large US health insurance claims database from January 1, 2004 to
December 31, 2008. Patients with LID were matched to patients without LID based on
propensity scores to control for potential selection bias. Descriptive statistics
and bootstrap techniques were employed to assess patient demographic and clinical
characteristics and costs incurred. Factors influencing treatment costs were analyzed
using a generalized linear model with log-link function and gamma distribution. Costs
were adjusted to 2009 prices.
Results
After patients developed LID, their total treatment costs were increased from $18,645
during the 12 months preceding LID onset to $26,439 for the 12-month period subsequent to LID onset
(incremental costs of $7795: P<0.001). PD-related costs increased from $3917 to $8110 (incremental costs of $4194:
p<0.001) LID events, medical resource utilization, higher levodopa dosage, and use of
alternative PD medications were associated with increases in total treatment costs.
Few changes in medication treatment patterns were noted following the initial LID,
with only slight increases in levodopa dosage and few additions of alternative agents.
Conclusions
In the United States, PD patients with LID impose a significant economic burden when
compared to patients without LID. Currently available, treatment strategies for dyskinesia
should be used more frequently in PD management, and new treatment strategies should
be considered as they may lower healthcare costs.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 04, 2012
Accepted:
May 14,
2012
Received in revised form:
May 9,
2012
Received:
December 2,
2011
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
