Abstract
The involvement of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in a broad spectrum of various non-motor
functions – attention, executive functions, verbal learning and memory, verbal abstract
reasoning, conflict resolution, and emotions – has been reported. The STN has an anatomically
central position within the basal ganglia(BG)-thalamocortical motor, associative and
limbic circuits. The STN might interfere with non-motor functions as an indirect modulator
rather than a regulator. Mechanisms modulating the motor and non-motor functions might
differ. The STN has been implicated in control of non-motor behaviors via the tuning
of specific circuits depending on the task. The STN might modulate selected non-motor
functions via contextual modulation of certain cortical areas. Based on intracerebral
recordings, we proposed that the non-motor activities in the BG are organized in some
way other than the well-known organization of the cortico-BG-thalamocortical circuits.
These findings support the hypothesis of a cortico-STN bypass of the BG-thalamocortical
circuitry under some circumstances. The exact role of the STN and the BG in non-motor
functions remains an important and interesting challenge for future research.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 14, 2011
Accepted:
July 12,
2011
Received in revised form:
July 7,
2011
Received:
March 24,
2011
Footnotes
☆Research support: This paper was supported by the research program of Czech Ministry of Education — MSM 002 162 2404.
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
