Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has initially been described as a clinical syndrome, although
the exact definition has changed over the past centuries. The inclusion of the pathological
changes added another level of complexity, with Lewy bodies, synuclein deposits and
neuronal loss in the substantia nigra being used alternatively. A third level of complexity
was added with the recognition of genetic mutations resulting in parkinsonism, sometimes
with and sometimes without Lewy body deposition, and the identification of frequent
additional important pre-motor manifestations.
These different points of view on the definition of PD have important implications
on the study of the etiology and even the therapy of PD.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of the Neurological SciencesAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Essay on the Shaking Palsy.Sherwood, Neely and Jones, London1817
- Studies in the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease predicting its disappearance as a major clinical entity by 1980.Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1961; 86: 234-235
- Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992; 55: 181-184
- Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.in: Calne D.B. Parkinsonism and Aging. Raven Press, N.Y1989: 219-221
- A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. 056 Study Group.N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1484-1491
- Mutation in the a-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease.Science. 1997; 276: 2045-2047
- Parkinson's disease: before the motor symptoms and beyond.J Neurol Sci. 2010; 289: 2-6
- Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Adv Neurol. 1990; 53: 463-468
- Straging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease.Neurobiol Aging. 2003; 24: 197-211
- Parkinson's disease, proteins, and prions: milestones.Mov Disord. 2011; 26: 1056-1071
- Clinical features of LRRK2 parkinsonism.Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009; 15: S205-S208
- Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene-associated disease: redefining genotype-phenotype correlation.Neurodegener Dis. 2010; 7: 175-179
Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 17, 2011
Accepted:
July 11,
2011
Received in revised form:
July 6,
2011
Received:
March 31,
2011
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
