Abstract
Though the core symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are motor-related, a majority
of patients also have neuropsychiatric symptoms concerning mood, behavior and cognition.
Apathy and depression are considered among the most frequent ones, and have a negative
impact on global functioning and quality of life. Recent neuroimaging studies have
provided specific findings related with these symptoms. Depression in PD has been
specifically associated with morphological and functional changes in prefrontal cortex,
cingulate and thalamus, as with 5-HT transmission reduction in posterior cingulated
and amygdala–hippocampus complex. Apathy has received less attention, but has been
related with gray matter volume reductions or functional deficits in many regions,
as anterior and posterior cingulate and dorsolateral or inferior frontal gyrus. Some
of these deficits may be also related with a more pronounced reduction in striatal
dopamine transmission. As neuroimaging studies give more arguments to the mechanisms
of these symptoms, they also stimulate research for a better individualization of
specific affective dimensions in Parkinson's disease.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 10, 2011
Accepted:
July 5,
2011
Received in revised form:
June 30,
2011
Received:
March 18,
2011
Footnotes
☆The authors declare no conflict of interest concerning the present paper.
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
