Abstract
As a prototypic neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized
by the progressive loss of specific neuronal subpopulations leading to a late-onset
movement disorder. Based on familial forms of PD, to date a significant number of
genes were identified that allowed first insight into the molecular pathogenesis of
this common movement disorder. These pathways include impaired protein degradation
and subsequent aggregation within neuronal cells and impaired mitochondrial function
followed by energy depletion due to oxidative stress leading to cell death. The respective
disease models were supported by pathoanatomical and biochemical findings in brains
of sporadic PD patients without apparent genetic contribution to pathogenesis. Indeed
recent genetic and epidemiological studies hint to a complex interplay of genetic
susceptibility factors and environmental risk factors to converge to processes of
pathological protein accumulation and mitochondrial damage that trigger neurodegeneration
in PD. Therefore large-scale geneticoepidemiological studies combining genetic whole
genome approaches with a detailed ascertainment of environmental exposures are expected
to provide important clues to decipher the complexity of neurodegeneration of this
most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 22, 2011
Accepted:
April 4,
2011
Received in revised form:
April 4,
2011
Received:
April 26,
2010
Identification
Copyright
© 2011 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
