Abstract
FTY720, also known as fingolimod, is an orally administered sphingosine-1-phosphate
(S1P) analogue that is under investigation as a therapy for both relapsing–remitting
(RR) and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The demonstrated beneficial
effect of FTY720 on disease activity in RR–MS patients and in the animal model experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is largely attributed to effects on the systemic
immune system. In addition, unlike other current systemic immuno-modulators used in
MS, the lipophilic nature of FTY720 allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Since S1P receptors are expressed on all cell types, FTY720 has the potential to exert
effects directly on the BBB and on resident cells of the CNS. The latter include cells
implicated in regulating immune reactivity within the CNS (astrocytes, microglia),
those that are targeted by the disease process (oligodendrocytes, neurons), and those
involved in repair (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells). In vitro studies document the dose-dependent effects of FTY720 on neural cell survival, differentiation,
and cytoskeletal dynamics. Animal model studies, specifically EAE, indicate an overall
neuroprotective effect of FTY720 mediated at least in part by its actions within the
CNS. Ongoing studies will need to define the direct and indirect (via immune-modulation)
effects of FTY720 on the CNS across the broad clinical spectrum of MS.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
June 27,
2008
Received:
April 10,
2008
Identification
Copyright
© 2008 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
