Abstract
Objective
To assess age-, gender, and subtype-specific incidence rates of dementia in three
populations in central Spain using data from the Neurological Disorders in Central
Spain (NEDICES), a population-based survey of elderly participants.
Methods
Individuals were evaluated at baseline (1994–1995) and at follow-up (a median of 3.2 years
later in 1997–1998). The evaluation included a screening questionnaire for dementia
and a neurological assessment, when possible.
Results
Of 5278 participants evaluated at baseline, there were 306 prevalent dementia cases.
One hundred and sixty-one incident dementia cases were identified among 3,891 individuals
assessed at follow-up. The large majority had Alzheimer's disease (AD): 115 (71.4%)
AD, 18 (11.2%) vascular dementia (VaD), 11 (6.8%) dementia associated with parkinsonism,
11 (6.8%) undetermined etiology, and 6 (3.7%) secondary dementia. Average annual incidence
rates (per 1,000 person-years) in the population aged 65 to 90 and over years, adjusted
to the standard European population, were 10.6 (95% CI, 8.9 to 12.3) for dementia,
7.4 (95% CI=6.0 to 8.8) for AD, and 1.4 (95% CI=0.6 to 2.3) for VaD. Age-specific incidence rates of dementia and AD increased exponentially
with advancing age. Age, stroke and illiteracy were independent risk factors for dementia
and AD. Aggregation of vascular risk factors was related to a higher risk of both
VaD and AD.
Conclusions
In the NEDICES study, incidence of dementia increased with age beyond age 85 and AD
was the most frequent type of dementia. The risk of AD and VaD increased with the
number of vascular risk factors.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of the Neurological SciencesAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study.Lancet. 2005; 366: 2112-2117
- Incidence and risk of dementia. The Rotterdam Study.Am J Epidemiol. 1998; 147: 574-580
- Incidence and subtypes of dementia in southern Taiwan: impact of socio-demographic factors.Neurology. 1998; 50: 1572-1579
- Incidence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group.Neurology. 2000; 54: S10-S15
- The incidence of dementia in Canada.Neurology. 2000; 55: 66-73
- Ten-year incidence of dementia in a rural elderly US community population: the MoVIES Project.Neurology. 2000; 54: 1109-1116
- Incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease in 2 communities: Yoruba residing in Ibadan, Nigeria, and African Americans residing in Indianapolis, Indiana.JAMA. 2001; 285: 739-747
- Dementia and Alzheimer disease incidence: a prospective cohort study.Arch Neurol. 2002; 59: 1737-1746
- Incidence of dementia in a rural community in Spain: the Girona cohort study.Neuroepidemiology. 2004; 23: 170-177
- Incidence and prevalence of dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study.J Am Geriatr Soc. Feb 2004; 52: 195-204
- Incidence and etiology of dementia in a large elderly Italian population.Neurology. 2005; 64: 1525-1530
- The incidence of dementia in England and Wales: findings from the five identical sites of the MRC CFA Study.PLoS Med. 2005; 2: e193
- The prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in three sites in Central Spain. A door-to-door study in the elderly.Neuroepidemiology. 1997; 16 ([Abstract]): A257
- Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders: a door-to-door survey in Appignano, Macerata Province, Italy.Neurology. 1990; 40: 626-631
- The prevalence of dementia in Europe: a collaborative study of 1980–1990 findings.Int J Epidemiol. 1991; 20: 736-748
- Prevalence of dementia and probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Framingham study.Neurology. 1992; 42: 115-119
- Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders in Pamplona, Spain.Neuroepidemiology. 1995; 14: 155-164
- Problems and issues with door-to-door, two-phase surveys: an illustration from central Spain.Neuroepidemiology. 2001; 20: 225-231
- Methods and demographic findings of the baseline survey of the NEDICES cohort.Public Health. 2004; 118: 426-433
- Mini Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12: 189-198
- Measurement of functional activities in older adults in community.Gerontology. 1982; 37: 323-329
- Cognitive versus functional screening for dementia across different countries: cross-cultural validation of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Pfeffer activities questionnaire (PFAQ) against the standardised clinical diagnosis of dementia.Neurology. 1994; 44: A365
- Cross-national interrater agreement on the clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia. WHO-PRA Age-Associated Dementia Working Group, WHO-Program for Research on Aging, Health of Elderly Program.Neurology. 1994; 44: 239-242
- Versión reducida del test Barcelona (I): subtest y perfiles de normalidad.Neurologia. 1997; 12: 99-111
- Registro Multicéntrico de casos incidentes de demencia. Un estudio del Grupo de Demencias de la Sociedad Española de Neurología.Neurologia. 1994; 9: 401-406
- Application of the Trail Making Test in differentiating neuropsychological impairment of elderly persons.Percept Mot Skills. 1985; 61: 1283-1289
- Verbal fluency in aging and dementia.J Clin Neuropsychol. 1980; 2: 135-146
- Development of simple cognitive function measures in a community dwelling population of elderly in Spain.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000; 15: 130-140
- Validation of a short cognitive tool for the screening of dementia in elderly people with low educational level.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003; 18: 925-936
- Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised.The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX1987
- Estimation of premorbid intelligence in Spanish people with the Word Accentuation Test and its application to the diagnosis of dementia.Brain Cogn. 1997; 33: 343-356
- DSM-IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC1994
- Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Report of the NINCDS ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease.Neurology. 1984; 34: 939-944
- Fahn S. Marsden C.D. Goldtein M. Calne D.B. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. vol II. Macmillan Healthcare Information, Florham Park1987: 153-163
- Epidemiology in Medicine.Little, Brown, Boston1987
- Regression models and life tables.J R Stat Soc (B). 1972; 34: 187-220
- The incidence of dementia: a meta-analysis.Neurology. 1998; 51: 728-733
- Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease.Neurology. 2005; 65: 545-551
- Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) Study Group. Incidence of essential tremor in three elderly populations of central Spain.Neurology. 2005; 64: 1721-1725
- Incidence of Parkinson disease and parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain.Neurology. 2004; 62: 734-741
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
July 20,
2007
Received in revised form:
June 15,
2007
Received:
March 11,
2007
Identification
Copyright
© 2007 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
