Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 54, ISSUE 2, P325-338, May 1982

Neuroanatomic examination of spina bifida aperta and the Arnold-Chiari malformation in a 130-day human fetus

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(82)90193-9
Neuroanatomic examination of spina bifida aperta and the Arnold-Chiari malformation in a 130-day human fetus
Previous ArticleA technique for microinjection of peripheral nerve
Next ArticleThe biochemistry of psychiatric disturbances
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      Abstract

      A 130-day human female fetus with the Arnold-Chiari malformation and thoracolumbar myeloschisis revealed evidence of neuroectodermal-mesodermal spatial dyssynchrony. The rhombencephalon and the cervico-medullary junction appear most affected. The phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of the transition zone between brain and spinal cord is reviewed. It is hypothesized that the etiologic event responsible for the Arnold-Chiari malformation is the caudal “displacement” of the site of initial fusion of the neural folds. This is believed to result in the posterior displacement of the cervico-medullary junction and myeloschisis (the Arnold-Chiari malformation, type II).
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Journal of the Neurological Sciences
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Register: Create an account
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Barry A.
        • Patten B.M.
        • Stewart B.H.
        Possible factors in the development of the Arnold-Chiari malformation.
        J. Neurosurg. 1957; 14: 285-301
        • Bartlemez G.W.
        • Dekaban A.S.
        The early development of the human brain.
        Contrib. Embryol. 1962; 37: 13-32
        • Bartlemez G.W.
        • Evans H.M.
        Development of the human embryo during the period of somite formation, including embryos with 2 to 16 pairs of somites.
        Contrib. Embryol. 1926; 17: 1-68
        • Black D.
        The motor nuclei of the cerebral nerves in phylogeny — A study of the phenomea of neurobiotaxis.
        J. comp. Neurol. 1920; 32: 61-98
        • Brocklehurst G.
        A quantitative study of a spina bifida foetus.
        J. Path. 1969; 99: 205-211
        • Bueker E.D.
        The influence of a growing limb on the differentiation of somatic motor neurons in transplanted avian spinal cord segments.
        J. comp. Neurol. 1945; 82: 335-357
        • Daniel P.M.
        • Stritch S.A.
        Some observations on the congenital deformity of the central nervous system known as the Arnold-Chiari malformation.
        J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. 1958; 17: 255-266
        • Dekaban A.S.
        • Bartlemez G.W.
        Complete dysraphism in 14 somite human embryo.
        Amer. J. Anat. 1964; 115: 27-42
        • DiVirgilio G.
        • Lavenda N.
        • Worden J.L.
        Sequence of events in neural tube closure and the formation of neural crest in the chick embryo.
        Acta anat. 1967; 68: 127-146
        • Duckett S.
        Foetal Arnold-Chiari malformation.
        Acta neuropath. (Berl.). 1966; 7: 175-179
        • Elsdale T.
        • Pearson M.
        Somitogenesis in Amphibia, Part 2 (Origins in early embryogenesis of two factors involved in somite specification).
        J. Embryol. exp. Morphol. 1979; 53: 245-267
        • Emery J.L.
        • MacKenzie N.
        Medullo-cervical dislocation deformity (Chiari II) related to neurospinal dysraphism (meningomyelocoele).
        Brain. 1973; 96: 155-162
        • Gardner E.
        • O'Rahilly R.
        • Prolo D.
        The Dandy-Walker and Arnold-Chiari malformations.
        Arch. Neurol. (Chic.). 1975; 32: 393-407
        • Gredig M.
        • Schwalbe E.
        Über Entwicklungsstörungen des Kleinhirns, Hirnstamms und Halmarks bei Spina bifida.
        Beitr. Path. Anat. 1907; 10: 132
        • Hodges Jr., P.C.
        Ossification in the fetal pig — A radiographic study.
        Anat. Rec. 1953; 116: 315-325
        • Lemire R.J.
        • Shepard T.H.
        • Alvord Jr., E.C.
        Caudal myeloschisis (lumbosacral spina bifida cystica) in a five millimeter (horizon XIV) human embryo.
        Anat. Rec. 1965; 152: 9-16
        • Marin-Padilla M.
        • Marin-Padilla T.M.
        Morphogenesis of experimentally induced Arnold-Chiari malformation.
        J. neurol. Sci. 1981; 50: 29-55
        • Molnar L.M.
        Double embedding with nitrocellulose and paraffin.
        Stain Technol. 1974; 49: 311
        • Molnar L.M.
        Decalcifying solution for hard and soft tissue.
        Histo-Logic. 1975; 5: 71-72
        • Molnar L.M.
        Modification of Harris' hematoxylin for sections from tissue double embedded with nitrocellulose and paraffin.
        Histo-Logic. 1975; 5: 64
        • Molnar L.M.
        Modification of Mallory's aniline blue collagen stain.
        Histo-Logic. 1976; 6: 78
        • Patten B.M.
        Embryological stages in the establishing of myeloschisis with spina bifida.
        Amer. J. Anat. 1953; 93: 365-395
        • Peach B.
        The Arnold-Chiari malformation - Morphogenesis.
        Arch. Neurol. (Chic.). 1965; 12: 527-535
        • Rhines R.
        • Windle W.F.
        An experimental study of factors influencing the course of nerve fibres in the embryonic central nervous system.
        Anat. Rec. 1944; 90: 267-294
        • Salam M.Z.
        • Adams R.D.
        The Arnold-Chiari malformation.
        in: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 32 (Congenital Malformations of the Spine and Spinal Cord). North-Holland Publ. Co, Amsterdam1978: 99-110
        • Sensenig E.C.
        The development of the occipital and cervical segments and their associated structures in human embryos.
        Contrib. Embryol. 1957; 36: 142-152
        • Shieh P.
        The neoformation of cells of preganglionic type in the cervical spinal cord of the chick embryo following its transplantation to the thoracic level.
        J. exp. Zool. 1951; 117: 359-395
        • Streeter G.L.
        The development of the cranial and spinal nerves in the occipital region of the human embryo.
        Amer. J. Anat. 1904; 4: 83-115
        • Streeter G.L.
        Development of the nervous system.
        in: Manual of Human Embryology. Vol. 2. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA1912: 1-156
        • Tumarkin A.
        Evolution of the auditory conducting apparatus in terrestial vertebrates.
        in: De Reuck A.V.S. Knight J. Hearing Mechanisms in Vertebrates. Little, Brown and comp, Boston, MA1968: 18-40
        • Watterston R.L.
        • Fowler I.
        • Fowler B.J.
        The role of the neural tube and notochord in development of the axial skeleton of the chick.
        Amer. J. Anat. 1954; 95: 337-399

      Article info

      Publication history

      Accepted: November 23, 1981
      Received: October 13, 1981

      Footnotes

      ☆Supported in part by a Medical Services Grant from the March of Dimes-Birth Defects Foundation.

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(82)90193-9

      Copyright

      © 1982 Published by Elsevier Inc.

      ScienceDirect

      Access this article on ScienceDirect
      We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To update your cookie settings, please visit the for this site.
      Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties. The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.


      RELX