Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 54, ISSUE 2, P239-261, May 1982

Antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis

Relation to clinical variables
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(82)90185-X
Antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis
Previous ArticleVirus antibodies in Parkinson's disease
Next ArticleA longitudinal study of antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      Abstract

      IgG antibrain antibodies (ABA) of several specificities can be demonstrated in multiple sclerosis (MS) with the complement fixation technique. This technique seems to discriminate between IgG specifically and non-specifically bound to CNS preparations. Complement-fixing ABA were titrated in paired serum and CSF samples from 87 patients with clinically definite MS, 15 patients with probable MS, 29 patients with other neurological diseases, and 13 “healthy” controls. In addition, sera from 55 non-MS patients were tested. In 40% of the sera and 88% of the CSF samples from patients with clinically definite MS, ABA reacting with human brain homogenate were demonstrated. The corresponding figures for probable MS were 21% and 73%, and for the controls 11% and 6%. Two of 9 sera from patients with the Guillain-Barré syndrome were strongly positive. There was a tendency for higher CSF ABA titres in younger MS patients and in those with an earlier onset of disease. ABA titres in serum and CSF were both correlated with a more malignant course. Irrespective of the mechanism of induction of ABA in MS - an excessive immunogenic stimulation and/or a defective immunoregulation - they are potentially pathogenic in several ways, e.g. (1) by direct antibody action, (2) by interaction with complement, (3) by antibody-dependent K-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and (4) by interaction with phagocytic cells.
      Of several correlations among the routine CSF variables in MS, the finding of more pronounced abnormalities in male patients was notable.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Journal of the Neurological Sciences
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Register: Create an account
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Aarli J.A.
        • Tönder O.
        Immunological Aspects of Neurological Diseases.
        S. Karger, Basel1980
        • Aarli J.A.
        • Aparicio S.R.
        • Lumsden C.E.
        • Tönder O.
        Binding of normal human IgG to myelin sheaths, glia and neurons.
        Immunology. 1975; 28: 171-185
        • Appel S.H.
        • Bornstein M.B.
        The application of tissue culture to the study of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Part 2 (Serum factors responsible for demyelination).
        J. exp. Med. 1964; 119: 303-312
        • Arnason B.G.W.
        • Antel J.
        Suppressor cell function in multiple sclerosis.
        Ann. Immunol. (Inst. Pasteur). 1978; 129 C: 159-170
        • Berg O.
        • Bergstrand H.
        Different types of antibodies with a gliotoxic effect in serum from animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
        Acta path. microbiol. scand. 1968; 73: 195-210
        • Bornstein M.B.
        • Crain S.M.
        Functional studies of cultured brain tissues as related to “demyelinative disorders”.
        Science. 1965; 148: 1242-1244
        • Brosnan C.F.
        • Stoner G.L.
        • Bloom B.R.
        • Wisniewski H.M.
        Studies on demyelination by activated lymphocytes in the rabbit eye, Part 2 (Antibody-dependent cell-mediated demyelination).
        J. Immunol. 1977; 118: 2103-2110
        • Cerf J.A.
        • Carels G.
        Multiple sclerosis — Serum factor producing reversible alterations in bioelectric responses.
        Science. 1966; 152: 1066-1068
        • Cremer N.E.
        • Johnson K.P.
        • Fein G.
        • Likosky W.H.
        Comprehensive viral immunology of multiple sclerosis, Part 2 (Analysis of serum and CSF antibodies by standard serologic methods).
        Arch. Neurol. (Chic.). 1980; 37: 610-615
        • Delpech B.
        • Lichtblau E.
        Étude quantitative des immunoglobulines G et de l'albumine du liquide céphalorachidien.
        Clin. chim. Acta. 1972; 37: 15-23
        • Esiri M.M.
        Immunoglobulin-containing cells in multiple-sclerosis plaques.
        Lancet. 1977; : 478-480
        • Esiri M.M.
        Multiple sclerosis — A quantitative and qualitative study of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the central nervous system.
        Neuropath. appl. Neurobiol. 1980; 6: 9-21
        • Folch-Pi J.
        Proteolipids.
        in: Davison A.N. Mandel P. Morgan J.G. Functional and Structural Proteins of the Nervous System. Plenum Press, New York, NY1972: 171-189
        • Frick E.
        • Scheid-Seydel L.
        Untersuchungen mit J131-markiertem γ-Globulin zur Frage der Abstammung der Liquoreiweisskörper.
        Klin. Wschr. 1958; 36: 857-863
        • Frick E.
        • Stickl H.
        Antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity against basic protein of myelin in multiple sclerosis.
        J. neurol. Sci. 1980; 46: 187-197
        • Fulton F.
        • Dumbell K.R.
        The serological comparison of strains of influenza virus.
        J. gen. Microbiol. 1949; 3: 97-111
        • Grundke-Iqbal I.
        • Bornstein M.B.
        Multiple sclerosis — Serum gamma globulin and demyelination in organ culture.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1980; 30: 749-754
        • Hallpike J.F.
        Enzyme and protein changes in myelin breakdown and multiple sclerosis.
        Progr. Histochem. Cytochem. 1972; 3: 179-218
        • Källén B.
        • Löw B.
        • Nilsson O.
        Mixed leukocyte reaction and HL-A specificity at multiple sclerosis.
        Acta neurol. scand. 1975; 51: 184-192
        • Kennedy P.G.E.
        • Lisak R.P.
        Do patients with demyelinating diseases have antibodies against human glial cells in their sera?.
        J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 1981; 44: 164-167
        • Link H.
        Immunoglobulin G and low molecular weight proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid.
        Acta neurol. scand. 1967; 43: 1-136
        • Link H.
        Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G in multiple sclerosis brains.
        J. neurol. Sci. 1972; 16: 103-114
        • Link H.
        Comparison of electrophoresis on agar gel and agarose gel in the evaluation of gammaglobulin abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in multiple sclerosis.
        Clin. chim. Acta. 1973; 46: 383-389
        • Link H.
        • Müller R.
        Immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis and infections of the nervous system.
        Arch. Neurol. (Chic.). 1971; 25: 326-344
        • Link H.
        • Tibbling G.
        Principles of albumin and IgG analysis in neurological disorders, Part 3 (Evaluation of IgG synthesis within the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis).
        Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1977; 37: 397-401
        • Lisak R.P.
        Multiple sclerosis — Evidence for immunopathogenesis.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1980; 20: 99-105
        • Lisak R.P.
        • Zwiman B.
        • Norman M.
        Antimyelin antibodies in neurologic diseases — Immunofluorescent demonstration.
        Arch. Neurol. (Chic.). 1975; 32: 163-167
        • Lowenthal A.
        Agar Gel Electrophoresis in Neurology.
        Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam1964
        • Lumsden C.E.
        The clinical immunology of multiple sclerosis.
        in: McAlpine D. Lumsden C.E. Acheson E.D. Multiple Sclerosis — A Reappraisal. 2nd edition. Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburgh, London1972: 512-621
        • McDonald W.J.
        • Halliday A.M.
        Diagnosis and classification of multiple sclerosis.
        Brit. med. Bull. 1977; 33: 4-8
        • Mancini G.
        • Carbonara A.O.
        • Heremans J.F.
        Immunochemical quantification of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion.
        Immunochemistry. 1965; 2: 235-254
        • Mar P.
        Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in multiple sclerosis.
        J. Neurol. Sci. 1980; 47: 285-303
        • Mattson D.H.
        • Roos R.P.
        • Arnason B.G.W.
        Isoelectric focusing of IgG eluted from multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis brains.
        Nature (Lond.). 1980; 287: 335-337
        • Melnick S.C.
        Thirty-eight cases of the Guillain-Barré syndrome — An immunological study.
        Br. med. J. 1963; I: 368-373
        • Mies H.-J.
        Einengung von Liquor cerebrospinalis als Vorbereitung zur Papier-Electrophorese.
        Klin. Wschr. 1953; 31: 159-161
        • Morell R.M.
        Immunoglobulin (Ig) from multiple sclerosis (MS) lymphocyte surface confers cytotoxic potential on normal mononuclear cells.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1980; 30: 398
        • Müller R.
        Studies on disseminated sclerosis.
        Acta med. scand. 1949; 133: 1-214
        • Nordal H.J.
        • Vandvik B.
        Evidence of local synthesis of smooth-muscle antibodies in the central nervous system in isolated cases of multiple sclerosis and chronic lymphocytic meningoencephalitis.
        Scand. J. Immunol. 1977; 6: 327-334
        • Nordal H.J.
        • Vandvik B.
        • Norrby E.
        Demonstration of electrophoretically restricted virusspecific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by imprint electroimmunofixation.
        Scan. J. Immunol. 1978; 7: 381-388
        • Norrby E.
        • Link H.
        • Olsson J.-E.
        • Panelius M.
        • Salmi A.
        • Vandvik B.
        Comparison of antibodies against different viruses in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis.
        Infect. Immunol. 1974; 10: 688-694
        • Nyland H.
        • Aarli J.A.
        Guillain-Barré syndrome — Demonstration of antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue.
        Acta neurol. scand. 1978; 58: 35-43
        • Nyland H.
        • Matre R.
        • Mørk S.
        Fc receptors on microglial lipophages in multiple sclerosis.
        N. Engl. J. Med. 1980; 302: 120-121
        • Olsson J.-E.
        • Link H.
        • Müller R.
        Immunoglobulin abnormalities in multiple sclerosis — Relation to clinical parameters: disability, duration and age of onset.
        J. neurol. Sci. 1976; 27: 233-245
        • Panitsch H.S.
        • Hooper C.J.
        • Johnson K.P.
        CSF antibody to myelin basic protein — Measurement in patients with multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
        Arch. Neurol. (Chic.). 1980; 37: 206-209
        • Prineas J.W.
        Multiple sclerosis — Presence of lymphatic capillaries and lymphoid tissue in the brain and spinal cord.
        Science. 1979; 203: 1123-1125
        • Prineas J.W.
        • Connell F.
        The fine structure of chronically active multiple sclerosis plaques.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1978; 28: 68-75
        • Prineas J.W.
        • Raine C.S.
        Electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase studies of early multiple sclerosis lesions.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1976; 26: 29-32
        • Raine C.S.
        The etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis — Recent developments.
        Pathobiol. Ann. 1977; 7: 347-384
        • Raine C.S.
        • Diaz M.
        • Pakingan M.
        • Bornstein M.B.
        Antiserum-induced dissociation of myelinogenesis in vitro — An ultrastructural study.
        Lab. Invest. 1978; 38: 397-403
        • Rapport M.M.
        • Graf L.
        Preparation and testing of lipids for immunological study.
        in: Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry. Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York, NY1967: 187-196
        • Reinherz E.L.
        • Weiner H.L.
        • Hansen S.L.
        • Cohen J.A.
        • Distaso J.A.
        • Schlossman S.F.
        Loss of suppressor T cells in active multiple sclerosis.
        N. Engl. J. Med. 1980; 303: 125-129
        • Ross C.A.C.
        • Lenman J.A.R.
        • Rutter C.
        Infective agents and multiple sclerosis.
        Brit. med. J. 1965; I: 226-229
        • Ryberg B.
        Complement-fixing antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis.
        Acta neurol. scand. 1976; 54: 1-12
        • Ryberg B.
        Multiple specificities of antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis and chronic myelopathy.
        J. neurol. Sci. 1978; 38: 357-382
        • Ryberg B.
        Intrathecal and extrathecal production of antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis.
        J. neurol. Sci. 1980; 48: 1-8
        • Ryberg B.
        Studies on Complement-fixing Antibrain Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis.
        in: Thesis. 1981 (Lund)
        • Ryberg B.
        A longitudinal study of antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis.
        J. neurol. Sci. 1982; 54: 263-270
        • Ryberg B.
        • Kronvall G.
        Immunoglobulin characterization by bacterial absorption of antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis.
        Europ. Neurol. 1981; 20: 374-379
        • Sandberg-Wollheim M.
        Immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro by cerebrospinal fluid cells in patients with multiple sclerosis.
        Scand. J. Immunol. 1974; 3: 717-730
        • Schauf C.L.
        • Davis F.A.
        The occurrence, specificity, and role of neuroelectric blocking factors in multiple sclerosis.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1978; 28: 34-39
        • Schwartz S.
        • Rieder H.P.
        • Wüthrich R.
        The protein fractions in cerebrospinal fluid in the various states of multiple sclerosis.
        Europ. Neurol. 1970; 4: 267-282
        • Sindic C.J.M.
        • Cambiaso C.L.
        • Masson P.L.
        • Laterre E.C.
        The binding of myelin basic protein to the Fc region of aggregated IgG and to immune complexes.
        Clin. exp. Immunol. 1980; 41: 1-7
        • Sörnäs R.
        A new method for cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid.
        J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 1967; 30: 568-577
        • Symington G.R.
        • Mackay I.R.
        • Wittingham S.
        • White J.
        • Buckley J.D.
        A “profile” of immune responsiveness in multiple sclerosis.
        Clin. exp. Immunol. 1978; 31: 141-149
        • Tabira T.
        • Wolfgram F.J.
        • Webster H.de F.
        • Wray S.H.
        • McFarlin D.E.
        Myelinotoxicity of CSF fractions from multiple sclerosis patients tested in an in vivo model.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1977; 27: 374
        • Tibbling G.
        • Link H.
        • Öhman S.
        Principles of albumin and IgG analysis in neurological disorders, Part 1 (Establishment of reference values).
        Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1977; 37: 385-390
        • Tourtellotte W.W.
        What is multiple sclerosis? — Laboratory criteria for diagnosis.
        in: Davison A.N. Humphrey J.H. Liversedge A.L. McDonald W.J. Porterfield J.S. Multiple Sclerosis Research. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London1975: 9-26
        • Traugott V.
        • Snyder D.S.
        • Raine C.S.
        Oligodendrocyte staining by multiple sclerosis serum is nonspecific.
        Ann. Neurol. 1979; 6: 13-20
        • Vandvik B.
        • Norrby E.
        • Nordal H.J.
        Optic neuritis — Local synthesis in the central nervous system of oligoclonal antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella and herpes simplex viruses.
        Acta neurol. scand. 1979; 60: 204-213
        • Woyciechowska J.L.
        • Brzosko W.J.
        Immunofluorescence study of brain plaques from two patients with multiple sclerosis.
        Neurology (Minneap.). 1977; 27: 620-622
        • Wright R.
        • Morton J.A.
        • Taylor K.B.
        Immunological studies in multiple sclerosis — Incidence of circulating antibodies to dietary proteins and auto-antigens.
        Brit. med. J. 1965; I: 491-492

      Article info

      Publication history

      Accepted: November 11, 1981
      Received in revised form: November 9, 1981
      Received: June 11, 1981

      Footnotes

      ☆Grants from the Medical Faculty, University of Lund, Sweden, the Forssman Foundation, and the Alfred Österlund Foundation supported this study

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(82)90185-X

      Copyright

      © 1982 Published by Elsevier Inc.

      ScienceDirect

      Access this article on ScienceDirect

      The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.


      We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To update your cookie settings, please visit the Cookie Preference Center for this site.
      Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties.


      RELX