Acetazolamide improves cerebral hemodynamics in CADASIL

Abstract 

Background

Acetazolamide (ACZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, causes a rapid increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary cerebrovascular disease caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. Recent studies suggest that ACZ infusion significantly increases cerebral perfusion, even within areas of impaired cerebral vasoreactivity in CADASIL patients. This study evaluates the efficacy and tolerance of a 24-week treatment with 250mg/d ACZ, which could be chronically implemented to improve cerebral hemodynamics in CADASIL.

Methods

CADASIL patients (n=16) were treated with ACZ (250mg) daily for 24weeks. The mean blood flow velocity (MFV) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and CO₂-induced cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) were tested using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) before and after treatment.

Results

After ACZ treatment, the MFV in the MCA was significantly greater at rest (57.68±12.7cm/s versus 67.12±9.4cm/s; P=0.001). Additionally, the CO₂-induced vasoreactivity increased significantly (13.17± 6.9% versus 20.69±8.2%, P=0.004), and the pulsatility index (PI) decreased significantly (0.82±0.1 versus 0.73±0.08; P=0.001). The relative ACZ-induced enhancement of CO₂ vasoreactivity was not correlated with pretreatment MFV (SRCC=−0.122; P=0.659).

Conclusions

The present study provides the first evidence that ACZ therapy can increase CBF and CVR in CADASIL patients.

Keywords: Acetazolamide, CADASIL, Transcranial Doppler sonography, Cerebrovascular reactivity, Cerebral blood flow, Treatment