Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 291, Issue 1 , Pages 5-11 , 15 April 2010

Seasonal postpartum hypernatremic encephalopathy with osmotic extrapontine myelinolysis and rhabdomyolysis

Received 5 October 2009 ,Revised 9 January 2010 ,Accepted 14 January 2010.

References 

  1. Berl T, Taylor J. Disorders of water balance. In:  Fink MP,  Abraham E,  Vincent JL,  Kochanek DM editor. Textbook of Critical Care Medicine. 5th ed.. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2005;p. 1085–1096
  2. Pevelsky PM, Bagrath R, Greenberg A. Hypernatremia in hospitalized patients. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:197–203
  3. Aiyagari V, Ellen D, Diringer MN. Hypernatremia in neurologic intensive care: how high is too high?. J Crit Care. 2006;21:163–172
  4. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hypernatremia. New Eng J Med. 2000;342:1493–1499
  5. Machino T, Yoshizawa T. Brain shrinkage due to acute hypernatremia. Neurology. 2006;67:112–113
  6. Brown WD, Caruso JM. Extrapontine myelinolysis with involvement of hippocampus in three children with severe hypernatremia. J Child Neurol. 1999;14:428–433
  7. Righini A, Luca R, Zirpoli S, Mosca F, Triulzi F. Brain apparent diffusion coefficient decrease during correction of severe hypernatremic dehydration. Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:1690–1694
  8. Maeda M, Tsukahara H, Terada H, Nakaji S, Nakamura H, Oba H, et al. Reversible splenial with restricted diffusion in a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions: report of eight additional cases and literature review. J Neuroradiol 2006;38, 29,3:229–36.
  9. van der Helm-van Mil AH, van Vugt JP, Lammers GJ, Harinck HI. Hypernatremia from a hunger strike as a cause of osmotic myelinolysis. Neurology. 2005;64:574–575
  10. Clark WR. Diffuse demyelinating lesions of the brain after the rapid development of hypernatremia. West Med J. 1992;157:571–573
  11. Musapasaoglu H, Agildere AM, Teksam M, Tarcan A, Gurakan B. Hypernatremic dehydration in a neonate: brain MRI findings. Br J Radiol. 2008;81:e57–e60
  12. Ayus JC, Armstrong DL, Arieff AI. Effects of hypernatremia in the central nervous system and its therapy in rats and rabbits. J Physiol. 1996;492.1:243–255
  13. Soupart A, Penninckx R, Namias B, Stenuit A, Perier O, Decaux G. Brain myelinolysis following hypernatremia in rats. J Neuropathol Exptl Neurol. 1996;55:106–113
  14. Lima EQ, Aguiar FC, Barbosa DM, Burdmann FA. Severe hypernatremia (221mEq/l), rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after cerebral aneurysm surgery. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:2126–2129
  15. Zantut-Whittmann DE, Garmes HM, Panzan AD, Lima MO, Baptista MTM. Severe rhabdomyolysis due to adipsic hypernatremia alter craniopharyngioma surgery. Arq Bras Endrocrinol Metab. 2007;51:1175–1179
  16. Vikrant S, Pandey D, Raina R, Sharma A. Deep vein thrombosis complicating severe hypernatremia, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure in a patient with untreated seizure disorder. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2007;11:88–91
  17. Incecik F, Herguner MO, Yildizdas D, Ozcan K, Altunbasak S. Rhabdomyolysis caused by hypernatremia. Indian J Pediatr. 2006;73(12):1124–1126
  18. Denman JP. Hypernatremia and rhabdomyolysis. Med J Aust. 2007;187:527–528
  19. Hartfield DS, Loewy JA, Yager JY. Transient thalamic changes on MRI in a child with hypernatremia. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;20(1):60–62
  20. Achiva S, Ando K, Ishikura R, Takada Y, Takahashi Y. A case of extrapontine myelinolysis precipitated by correction of a hyper-osmolar state. Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi. 2004;64:310–312
  21. Dobato JL, Barriga FJ, Pareja JA, Vela L. Extrapontine myelinolyses caused by iatrogenic hypernatremia following rupture of a hydatid cyst of the liver with an amnesic syndrome as sequela. Rev Neurol. 2000;31(11):1033–1035
  22. Ogura H, Takaoka M, Kishi M, Kimoto M, Shimazu T, Yoshioka T, et al. Reversible MR findings of hemolytic uremic syndrome with mild encephalopathy. Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:1144–1145
  23. Kobata R, Tsukahara H, Nakai A, Tanizawa A, Ishimori Y, Kawamura Y, et al. Transient MR signal changes in the splenium of the corpus callosum in rotavirus encephalopathy: value of diffusion-weighted imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2002;26:825–828
  24. Kim J, Chung JI, Yoon PH, Kim DI, Chung T, Kim E, et al. Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalised tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: periictal diffusion-weighted imaging. Am J Neuroradiol. 2001;22:1149–1160
  25. Sajith J, Ditchfield A, Katifi HA. Extrapontine myelinolysis presenting as acute parkinsonism. BMC Neurol. 2006;6:33
  26. Lee JH, Arginue E, Ross BD. Organic osmolytes in the brain of an infant with hypernatremia. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:439–442
  27. Sugimura Y, Murase T, Takefuji S, Hayasaka S, Takagishi Y, Oiso Y, et al. Protective effect of dexamethasone on osmotic induced demyelination in rats. Exp Neurol. 2005;192:178–183
  28. Blank MS, Farnsworth PB. Idiopathic symptomatic hypernatremia in a 9-year old boy: a clinical and physiologic evaluation. J Pediatr. 1974;85:215–219
  29. Mahoney JH, Goodman AD. Hypernatremia due to hypodipsia and elevated threshold for vasopressin release: effects of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, chlorpropamide and tolbutamide. New N Engl J Med. 1976;279:1191–1196
  30. Alford FP, Scoggins BA, Wharton C. Symptomatic normovolemic essential hypernatremia: a clinical and physiologic study. Am J Med. 1973;54:359–370
  31. Torchisnksy MY, Deputy S, Rambeau F, Chalew SA. Hypokalemia and alkalosis in hypernatremia are not associated with hyperaldosteronism. Horm Res. 2004;62:187–190
  32. Levine SP. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other forms of nonimmunological platelet distruction. In:  Greer JP,  Rodgers GM,  Forester J,  Paraskevas F,  Lukens JN,  Glader B editor. Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology. 11th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams Wilkins; 2005;p. 1555–1565
  33. Bakshi R, Shaikh ZA, Bates VE, Kinkel PR. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: brain CT and MRI findings in 12 patients. Neurology. 1999;52:1285–1288
  34. Burus TM, Wijdicks EFM, Rabinstein AA. Brain lesions are most often reversible in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Neurology. 2009;73:66–70
  35. Lee VH, Wijdicks EFM, Manno EM, Rabinstein AA. Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:205–210

PII: S0022-510X(10)00040-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.01.014

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 291, Issue 1 , Pages 5-11 , 15 April 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution