Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 229 , Pages 43-49 , 15 March 2005

Survival following dementia onset: Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

  • Annette L. Fitzpatrick

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, Building 29, Suite 310, 6200 NE 74th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. Tel.: +1 206 685 7123; fax: +1 206 616 4075.
  • ,
  • Lewis H. Kuller

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  • ,
  • Oscar L. Lopez

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  • ,
  • Claudia H. Kawas

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
  • ,
  • William Jagust

      Affiliations

    • School of Public Health and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

References 

  1. Rice DP, Fillit HM, Max W, Knopman DS, Lloyd JR, Duttagupta S. Prevalence, costs and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: a managed care perspective. Am. J. Manag. Care. 2001;7:809–818
  2. Moore MJ, Zhu CW, Clipp EC. Informal costs of dementia care: estimates from the National Longitudinal Caregiver Study. J. Gerontol. B. Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 2001;56:S219–S228
  3. Pot AM, Deeg DJ, van Dyck R, Jonker C. Psychological distress of caregivers: the mediator effect of caregiving appraisal. Patient Educ. Couns. 1998;34:43–51
  4. Walsh JS, Welch HG, Larson EB. Survival of outpatients with Alzheimer-type dementia. Ann. Intern. Med. 1990;113:429–434
  5. Molsa PK, Martila RJ, Rinne UK. Survival and cause of death in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1986;74:103–107
  6. Habbema JD, Dippel DW. Survivors-only bias in estimating survival in Alzheimer' disease and vascular dementia. Neurology. 1986;36:1009–1010
  7. Wolfson C, Wolfson DB, Asgharian M, M'Lan CE, Ostbye T, Rockwood K, et al. A reevaluation of the duration of survival after the onset of dementia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1111–1116
  8. Knopman DS, Rocca WA, Cha RH, Edland SD, Kokmen E. Survival study of vascular dementia in Rochester, Minnesota. Arch. Neurol. 2003;60:85–90
  9. Kawas CH, Brookmeyer R. Aging and the public health effects of dementia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1160–1161
  10. Fried LP, Borhani NO, Enright P, Furberg CD, Gardin JM, Kronmal RA, et al. The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale. Ann. Epidemiol. 1991;1:263–276
  11. Tell GS, Fried LP, Hermanson B, Manolio TA, Newman AB, Borhani NO. Recruitment of adults 65 years and older as participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann. Epidemiol. 1993;3:358–366
  12. Teng EL, Chui HC. The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1987;48:314–318
  13. Wechsler D. Wechsler adult intelligence scale, revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation; 1981;
  14. Benton AL. Abbreviated versions of the Visual Retention Test. J. Psychol. 1972;80:189–192
  15. Bryan RN, Manolio TA, Schertz LD, Jungreis C, Poirier VC, Elster AD, et al. A method for using MR to evaluate the effects of cardiovascular disease on the brain: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1994;15:1625–1633
  16. Ives DG, Fitzpatrick AL, Bild DE, Psaty BM, Kuller LH, Crowley PM, et al. Surveillance and ascertainment of cardiovascular events: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann. Epidemiol. 1995;5:278–285
  17. Lopez OL, Kuller LH, Fitzpatrick A, Ives D, Becker JT, Beauchamp N. Evaluation of dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. Neuroepidemiology. 2003;22:1–12
  18. Fitzpatrick AL, Kuller LH, Ives D, Lopez OL, Jagust W, Breitner J, et al. Incidence and Prevalence of Dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2004;52:195–204
  19. Brandt J, Spencer M, Folstein M. The telephone interview for cognitive status. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. 1988;1:111–117
  20. Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein . The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44:2308–2314
  21. Jorm AF, Korten AE. Assessment of cognitive decline in the elderly by informant interview. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1988;152:209–213
  22. Kawas C, Segal J, Stewart WF, Corrada M, Thai LJ. A validation study of the Dementia Questionnaire. Arch. Neurol. 1994;51:901–906
  23. APA . DSM-IV diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders. Fourth edition. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  24. Lopez OL, Jagust WJ, DeKosky ST, Becker JT, Fitzpatrick A, Dulberg C, et al. Prevalence and classification of mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: Part 1. Arch. Neurol. 2003;60:1385–1389
  25. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–944
  26. Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, Jagust W, Shankle R, Katzman R. Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology. 1992;42:473–480
  27. Norusis MJ. SPSS SPSS for windows, advanced statistics. Chicago (IL): SPSS; 1993;
  28. StataCorp. 2001 . Stata Statistical software, release 7.0. College Station (TX): Stata; 2001;
  29. Wei LJ. The accelerated failure time model: a useful alternative to the Cox regression model in survival analyses. Stat. Med. 1992;11:1871–1879
  30. Brookmeyer R, Corrada MM, Curriero FC, Kawas C. Survival following a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 2002;59:1764–1767
  31. Kay DW, Forster DP, Newens AJ. Long-term survival, place of death and death certification in clinically diagnosed pre-senile dementia in northern England. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2000;177:156–162
  32. Keene J, Hope T, Fairburn CG, Jacoby R. Death and dementia. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2001;16:969–974
  33. Kammoun S, Gold G, Bouras C, Giannakopoulos P, Mcgee W, Herrmann F, et al. Immediate causes of death of demented and non-demented elderly. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 2000;176:96–99
  34. Thomas BM, Starr JM, Whalley LJ. Death certification in treated cases of presenile Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in Scotland. Age Ageing. 1997;26:401–406
  35. Noale M, Maggi S, Minicuci N, Marzari C, Destro C, Farchi G, et al. Dementia and disability: impact on mortality. The Italian longitudinal study on aging. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2003;16:7–14
  36. Aguero-Torres H, Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratigilioni L. Dementing disorders in the elderly: evolution of disease severity over 7 years. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 2002;16:221–227
  37. Freels S, Nyenhuis DL, Gaorelick PB. Predictors of survival in African-American patients with AD, VaD, or stroke without dementia. Neurology. 2002;59:1146–1153
  38. Koopmans RT, Ekkerink JL, van Weel C. Survival to late dementia in Dutch nursing home patients. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2003;51:184–187
  39. Molsa PK, Marttila RJ, Rinne UK. Long-term survival and predictors of mortality in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1995;91:159–164
  40. Motonaga T, Asada T. A 7-year follow-up study of cases with dementia to identify predictors of mortality. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2002;49:620–630
  41. Bonsignore M, Heun R. Mortality in Alzheimer's disease. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2003;15:231–236
  42. Aevarsson O, Svanborg A, Skoog I. Seven-year survival rate after age 85 years: relation to Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Arch. Neurol. 1998;55:1226–1232

PII: S0022-510X(04)00445-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.022

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 229 , Pages 43-49 , 15 March 2005