Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 211, Issue 1 , Pages 15-22 , 15 July 2003

Brain aging in normal Egyptians: cognition, education, personality, genetic and immunological study

  • Osamah Elwan

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +20-273-57816 (home), +20-239-27524 (office); fax: +20-230-31823.
    • Department of Neurology, Cairo University, 6 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek. PO 421 El Gezira, 11568, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Obsis Madkour

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Cairo University, 6 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek. PO 421 El Gezira, 11568, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Fadia Elwan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Psychology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Mervat Mostafa

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Cairo University, 6 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek. PO 421 El Gezira, 11568, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Azza Abbas Helmy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Cairo University, 6 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek. PO 421 El Gezira, 11568, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Maged Abdel-Naseer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Cairo University, 6 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek. PO 421 El Gezira, 11568, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Sanaa Abdel Shafy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Biology, Intensive Care Unit, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
    • ,
  • Nervana El Faiuomy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Cairo University, 6 Hassan Sabry Street Zamalek. PO 421 El Gezira, 11568, Cairo, Egypt

Received 8 July 2002 ,Revised 13 December 2002 ,Accepted 28 January 2003.

References 

  1. Levinson D. A conception of adult development. American Psychologist. 1986;41:3–13 [Cited in Hayslip BJR, Panek PE. Biology aging, longevity. In: Hayslip BJR, Panek PE. Adult development aging. 1989. p. 40–85]
  2. Grotta G. Biological aspects of aging. In: Cerebral decay: pathophysiological and clinical aspects. Farmitalia Carlo Erba, Milano, Italy: The Scientific Publications Center; 1984;p. 9
  3. Moehle KA, Long CJ. Models of aging and neuro-psychological tests performance decline with aging. J. Gerontol. 1989;44(6):176–177
  4. Spiegel R, Ermini D. Differential diagnosis in general practice between the mentally normal elderly patient and the patient showing signs of senile dementia. In:  Meier-Ruge W editors. The elderly patient in general practice. Teaching and training in geriatric medicine. vol. 1:Basel: Karger; 1987;p. 115–150
  5. Umberto S, Lucilla P. Neurobiology of psychological cerebral aging. Metabolism and Neurotransmission. Medicographia. 1993;15(1):19–21
  6. Adams RD, Victor M. In: Williams ,  Lamsback J,  Navrozov M editor. Principles of neurology, personality changes in the aged. 1993;p. 529
  7. Van den Heuvel N, Smits CH, Deeg DJ, Beekman AT. Personality: a moderator of the relation between cognitive functioning and depression in adults aged 55–85. J. Affect. Disord. 1996;41(3):229–240
  8. Meins W, Dammast J. Do personality traits predict the occurrence of AD. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2000;15(2):120–124
  9. Donchin E, Ritter W. In: Brain potentials. Man. New York: Academic Press; 1978;p. 349–411
  10. Newton MP, Barret G, Callanan MM, Towel AD. Cognitive event-related potentials in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1989;112:1637–1660
  11. Sallam T, Hamdy SM, Fahmy M, Tatawy S, Tawdy M, Atef M. Neural brain aging in healthy males. Egypt. J. Neurol. Psychiat. Neurosurg. 1997;34(2):64
  12. Katzman R. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1993;43:13–20
  13. Bauer J, Strauss S, Schreiter-Gasser U. Interleukin-6 and alpha2-macroglobulin indicate an acute phase state in Alzheimer's disease cortices. FEBS Lett. 1991;28:111–114
  14. Van Duijn CM, Hoffman A, Nagelkerken L. Serum levels of interleukin-6 are not elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 1990;103:350–354
  15. Roses AD. Genetic testing for AD practical and ethical issues. Arch. Neurol. 1997;54:1226–1229
  16. Jonker C, Schmand B, Lindeboom J, Harekes LM, Launcer LJ. Association between apolipoprotein E E4 and the rate of cognitive decline in community. Dwelling elderly and individuals with and without dementia. Arch. Neurol. 1998;55:1065–1069
  17. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ. Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA. 1995;273:1274–1278
  18. Smith GE, Petersen RC, Parisi JE, Ivnik RJ, Kokmen E. Definition, course, and outcome of mild cognitive impairment. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognitive. 1996;3:141–147
  19. Hull M, Struass S, Volk B, Berger M, Bauer J. Interleukin-6 is present in early stages of plaque formation and is restricted to the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Germany: Department of Psychiatry, Freiburg University Medical School; 1996;
  20. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). New York: Psychological Cooperation; 1981;
  21. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Minimental State”. A practical method of grading the mental state of patients for the clinicians. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1975;12:189–198
  22. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Report of NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the Department of Health and Human Services Task force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–944
  23. Gronwall DMA. Paced auditory serial addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion. Percept. Mot. Skills. 1977;44:367–373
  24. Walsh DA, Thompson LW. Age difference in visual sensory memory. J. Gerontol. 1978;33:383–387
  25. Botwinick J. Aging and behaviour. A comprehensive integration of researches findings. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1978;
  26. Reitan RM. Manual for the administration of neuropsychological test batteries for adults and children. indianapolis, IN, 1969.
  27. Saiki PK, Walsh PS, Levenson CH, Ehrlich HA. Genetic analysis of amplified DNA with immobilized sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1989;86:6230–6234
  28. Mason J, et al.  Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36(4):519–527
  29. Craik F, Byrd M. Aging and cognitive deficits: the role of attentional resources. In:  Craik F editors. Aging and cognitive processes. New York: Plenum; 1982;p. 191–211
  30. Petersen RC, Smith G, Kokman E, Ivrik RJ, Tangalos EG. Memory function in normal aging. Neurology. 1992;42(2):396–401
  31. Foussard O, Moreau S, Nsabiymuva F. Age associated memory impairment semaine des Hopitaux 72(21-22):686–98.
  32. Hayslip BJR, Panek PE. Biology of aging and longevity. In:  Hayslip BJR,  Panek PE editor. Adult development and aging. New York: Harper and Row; 1989;p. 40–85
  33. Elwan O, Helmy A, Abdel-Naseer M, Fahmy M, Elwan F, Abdel-Kader A, et al.  Brain aging in normal Egyptians: Neuropsychological, electrophysiological and cranial tomographic assessment. J. Neurol. Sci. 1996;136:73–80
  34. Reed T, Carmelli D, Swan GE, Breitner JCS, Welsh KA, Jarvik GP, et al.  Lower cognitive performance in normal older adult male twins carrying the apolipoprotein E4 allele. Arch. Neurol. 1994;51:1189–1192
  35. Gur RC, Mozley PD, Resnick SM, Gottlieb GL, Kohn M, Zimmerman R, et al.  Gender differences in age effect on brain atrophy measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1991;88(7):2845–2849
  36. Mortimer JA, Grave AB. Education and other socio-economic determinants of dementia and Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 1993;43(Suppl. 4):S39–S44
  37. Plassman BL, Welsh KA, Helms M, Brandt J, Page WF, Breitner JCS. Intelligence and education as predictors of cognitive state in late life: a 50-year follow up. Neurology. 1995;45:1446–1450
  38. Elwan O, Helmy AA, Abdel Naseer M, Elwan F, El-Banhawy E, El-Fatatry M. Brain aging in a sample of normal Egyptian cognition, education, addiction and smoking. J. Neurol. Sci. 1997;148:79–86
  39. Stern Y, Tang MX, Denaro J, Mayeux R. Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. JAMA. 1994;271:1004–1010
  40. Weleford EA, Harkins SW, Taylor JR. Personality change in dementia of the Alzheimer type: relations to caregiver personality and burden. Exp. Aging Res. 1995;21(3):295–314
  41. Dawson DV, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Siegler IC. Premorbid personality predicts level of rated personality change in patients with AD. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 2000;14(1):11–19
  42. Squires KC, Goodin D, Starr A. Event-related potentials in development aging and dementia. Arch. Neurol. 1979;30:36–39
  43. Goodwin DS, Squires KS, Starr A. Long latency event-related components of the auditory evoked potential in dementia. Brain. 1978;101:635–648
  44. Becker JT, Huff FJ, Nebes RD, Holland A, Boller F. Neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease: Pattern of impairment and rates of progression. Arch. Neurol. 1980;45:263–268
  45. Roses AD, Saunders AM. Apolipoprotein E genotyping as a diagnostic adjunct for Alzheimer's disease. Int. Psychogeriatr. 1997;9(1):277–288
  46. Bondi MW, Salmon DP, Monsch AU. Episodic memory changes are associated with the Apo-E E4 allele in non-demented older adults. Neurology. 1995;45:2203–2206
  47. Growdon JH. Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 1998;55:1053–1054
  48. McRae A, Dahlstrom A. Immune responses in brains of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients: hypothesis and reality. Rev. Neurosci. 1992;3:79–97
  49. Kalaria RN. The immunopathology of Alzheimer's disease and some related disorders. Brain Pathol. 1993;3:333–347

PII: S0022-510X(03)00032-7

doi: 10.1016/S0022-510X(03)00032-7

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 211, Issue 1 , Pages 15-22 , 15 July 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution