Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 206, Issue 2 , Pages 175-179 , 15 February 2003

MRI-clinical correlations: more than inflammation alone-what can MRI contribute to improve the understanding of pathological processes in MS?

References 

  1. Paty DW, Oger JJF, Kastrukoff LF, Hashimoto SA, Hooge JP, Eisen AA, et al.  MRI in the diagnosis of MS: a prospective study with comparison of clinical evaluation, evoked potentials, oligoclonal banding, and CT. Neurology. 1988;38:180–185
  2. McDonald WI, Miller DH, Barnes D. The pathological evolution of multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 1992;18:319–334
  3. Fazekas F, Barkhof F, Filippi M, Grossman RI, Li DKB, McDonald WI, et al.  The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1999;53:448–456
  4. Kamman RL, Go KG, Stomp GP, Hulstaert CE, Berendsen HJC. Changes of relaxation times T1 and T2 in rat tissues after biopsy and fixation. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1985;3:245–250
  5. Györffy-Wagner Z, Englund E, Larsson EM, Brun A, Cronqvist S, Persson B. Proton magnetic resonance relaxation times T1 and T2 related to post-mortem interval. An investigation on porcine brain tissue. Acta Radiol. Diagn. (Stockholm). 1986;27:115–118
  6. Nagara H, Inoue T, Koga T, Kitaguchi T, Tateishi J, Goto I. Formalin fixed brains are useful for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. J. Neurol. Sci. 1987;81:67–77
  7. Grafe MR, Press GA, Berthoty DP, Hesselink JR, Wiley CA. Abnormalities of the brain in AIDS patients: correlation of postmortem MR findings with neuropathology. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1990;11:905–911
  8. Unger EC, Gado MH, Fulling KF, Littlefield JL. Acute cerebral infarction in monkeys: an experimental study using MR imaging. Radiology. 1987;162:789–795
  9. Estes ML, Rudick RA, Barnett GH, Ransohoff RM. Stereotactic biopsy of an active multiple sclerosis lesion. Immunocytochemical analysis and neuropathologic correlation with magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol. 1990;47:1299–1303
  10. Nesbit GM, Forbes GS, Scheithauer BW, Okazaki H, Rodriguez M. Multiple sclerosis: histopathologic and MR and/or CT correlation in 37 cases at biopsy and three cases at autopsy. Radiology. 1991;180:467–474
  11. Stewart WA, Hall LD, Berry K, Churg A, Oger J, Hashimoto SA, et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS): pathological correlation studies in eight cases. Neurology. 1986;36(suppl. 1):320; [abstract]
  12. Ormerod IEC, Miller DH, McDonald WI, du Boulay EPGH, Rudge P, Kendall BE, et al.  The role of NMR imaging in the assessment of multiple sclerosis and isolated neurological lesions. A quantitative study. Brain. 1987;110:1579–1616
  13. Barnes D, Munro PMG, Youl BD, Prineas JW, McDonald WI. The longstanding MS lesion: a quantitative MRI and electron microscopic study. Brain. 1991;114:1271–1280
  14. Newcombe J, Hawkins CP, Henderson CL, Patel HA, Woodroofe MN, Hayes GM, et al.  Histopathology of multiple sclerosis lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in unfixed central nervous system tissue. Brain. 1991;114:1013–1023
  15. van Walderveen MAA, Kamphorst W, Scheltens P, van Waesberghe JHTM, Ravid R, Valk J, et al.  Histopathologic correlate of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted spin-echo MRI in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1998;50:1282–1288
  16. Katz D, Taubenberger JK, Cannella B, McFarlin DE, Raine CS, McFarland HF. Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 1993;34:661–669
  17. Ludwin SK, Henry JM, McFarland H. Vascular proliferation and angiogenesis in multiple sclerosis: clinical and pathogenetic considerations. In: MS 2000. Symposium on conquering multiple sclerosis: research in Canada in the new millennium. Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada; 2000; Abstract
  18. Arnold DL, Matthews PM, Francis GS, O'Connor J, Antel JP. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for metabolic characterization of demyelinating plaques. Ann. Neurol. 1992;31:235–241
  19. Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM, Rudick R, Mörk S, Bö L. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N. Eng. J. Med. 1998;338:278–285
  20. Wolinsky JS, Narayana PA, Fenstermacher MJ. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1990;40:1764–1769
  21. Filippi M. Magnetization transfer imaging to monitor the evolution of individual multiple sclerosis lesions. Neurology. 1999;53(suppl. 3):S18–S22
  22. Brochet B, Dousset V. Pathological correlates of magnetization transfer imaging abnormalities in animal models and humans with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1999;53(suppl. 3):S12–S17
  23. Ropele S, Strasser-Fuchs S, Augustin M, Stollberger R, Enzinger C, Hartung H-P, et al.  A comparison of magnetization transfer ratio, magnetization transfer rate, and the native relaxation time of water protons related to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1885–1891
  24. Filippi M, Inglese M. Overview of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance studies in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 2001;186(suppl. 1):S37–S43
  25. MacKay A, Whittall K, Adler J, Li D, Paty D, Graeb D. In vivo visualization of myelin water in brain by magnetic resonance. Magn. Reson. Med. 1994;31:673–677
  26. Moore GRW, Leung E, MacKay AL, Vavasour IM, Whittall KP, Cover KS, et al.  A pathology-MRI study of the short-T2 component in formalin-fixed multiple sclerosis brain. Neurology. 2000;55:1506–1510
  27. Brück W, Bitsch A, Kolenda H, Brück Y, Stiefel M, Lassmann H. Inflammatory central nervous system demyelination: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with lesion pathology. Ann. Neurol. 1997;42:783–793
  28. Gharagozloo AM, Poe LB, Collins GH. Antemortem diagnosis of Baló concentric sclerosis: correlative MR imaging and pathologic features. Radiology. 1994;191:817–819
  29. Seitelberger F. Histochemistry of demyelinating diseases proper including allergic encephalomyelitis and Pelizaeus–Merzbacher's disease. In:  Cuming JN editors. Modern scientific aspects of neurology. London: Edward Arnold; 1960;p. 337–344
  30. Allen IV, McKeown SR. A histological, histochemical and biochemical study of the macroscopically normal white matter in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 1979;41:81–91
  31. Allen IV, Glover G, Anderson R. Abnormalities in the macroscopically normal white matter in cases of mild or spinal multiple sclerosis (MS). Acta Neuropathol. Suppl. (Berlin). 1981;7:176–178
  32. Arstila AU, Riekkinen P, Rinne UK, Laitinen L. Studies on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: participation of lysosomes on demyelination in the central nervous system white matter outside plaques. Eur. Neurol. 1973;9:1–20
  33. Evangelou N, Esiri MM, Smith S, Palace J, Mathews PM. Quantitative pathological evidence for axonal loss in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 2000;47:391–395
  34. Evangelou N, Konz D, Esiri MM, Smith S, Palace J, Mathews PM. Regional axonal loss in the corpus callosum correlates with cerebral white matter lesion volume and distribution in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2000;123:1845–1849
  35. Filippi M, Tortorella C, Bozzali M. Normal-appearing white matter changes in multiple sclerosis: the contribution of magnetic resonance technique. Mult. Scler. 1999;5:273–282
  36. Karlik SJ, Erskine M, Lee D, Rice G. Comparison of 1.5 and 4.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging examinations of patients with multiple sclerosis. In: 123rd annual meeting of the American Neurological Society. 1998;p. 69; Abstract
  37. Barbosa S, Blumhardt LD, Roberts N, Lock T, Edwards RH. Magnetic resonance relaxation time mapping in multiple sclerosis: normal appearing white matter and the “invisible” lesion load. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1994;12:33–42
  38. De Stefano N, Matthews PM, Antel JP, Preul M, Francis G, Arnold DL. Chemical pathology of acute demyelinating lesions and its correlation with disability. Ann. Neurol. 1995;38:901–909
  39. Filippi M, Campi A, Dousset V, Baratti C, Martinelli V, Canal N, et al.  A magnetization transfer imaging study of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1995;45:478–482
  40. Filippi M, Rocca MA, Martino G, Horsfield MA, Comi G. Magnetization transfer changes in the normal appearing white matter precede the appearance of enhancing lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 1998;43:809–814
  41. Willoughby EW, Grochowski E, Li DKB, Oger J, Kastrukoff LF, Paty DW. Serial magnetic resonance scanning in multiple sclerosis: a second prospective study in relapsing patients. Ann. Neurol. 1989;25:43–49
  42. Zhao G, Li DKB, Wang X, Cheng Y, Paty DW. MRI dirty-appearing white matter in MS. Neurology. 2000;54(suppl. 3):A121; [abstract]
  43. Laule C, Moore GRW, Leung E, Michelin E, Whittall KP, MacKay AL, et al.  A serial MR study of dirty white matter in MS: T1, T2, MT, water content and myelin water content. Mult. Scler. 2001;7(suppl. 1):S90; [abstract]
  44. Stewart WA, Hall LD, Berry K, Paty DW. Correlation between NMR scan and brain slice data in multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 1984;2:412
  45. Bitsch A, Kuhlmann T, Stadelmann C, Lassmann H, Lucchinetti C, Brück W. A longitudinal MRI study of histopathologically defined hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann. Neurol. 2001;49:793–796

PII: S0022-510X(02)00347-7

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 206, Issue 2 , Pages 175-179 , 15 February 2003

Article Tools