Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 203 , Pages 131-136 , 15 November 2002

The rationale behind cholinergic drug treatment for dementia related to cerebrovascular disease

  • C Grantham

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Present address: Johnsons&Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium. Tel.: +32-14-60-63-09; fax: +32-14-60-61-11.
    • Janssen Research Foundation, Turhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
    • ,
  • H Geerts

      Affiliations

    • In Silico Biosciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA

References 

  1. Erkinjuntti T. Clinical deficits of Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease and probable VaD. Int. J. Clin. Pract., Suppl. 2001;120:14–23
  2. Maelicke A. The pharmacological rationale for treating vascular dementia with galantamine (Reminyl). Int. J. Clin. Pract., Suppl. 2001;120:24–28
  3. Rocca WA, Hofman A, Brayne C, Breteler MM, Clarke M, Copeland JR, et al.  The prevalence of VaD in Europe: facts and fragments from 1980–1990 studies. EURODEM—Prevalence Research Group. Ann. Neurol. 1991;30:817–824
  4. Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, Andersen K, Di Carlo A, Breteler MM, et al.  Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology. 2000;54:S4–S9
  5. Winblad B, Brodaty H, Gauthier S, Morris JC, Orgogozo JM, Rockwood K, et al.  Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease: is there a need to redefine treatment success?. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2001;16:653–666
  6. Wilkinson D, Truyen L. Prolonged treatment benefits of cholinergic agents in Alzheimer's disease. In: Poster presented at the 17th World Congress of Neurology, London, UK. 2001;
  7. The National Institute on Aging, and Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease. Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 1997;18(Suppl. 4):S1–S2
  8. Davis KL, Mohs RC, Marin D, Purohit DP, Perl DP, Lantz M, et al.  Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 1999;281:1401–1406
  9. Davies P, Maloney AJ. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1976;2:1403
  10. Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Struble RG, Clark AW, Coyle JT, Delon MR. Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: loss of neurons in the basal forebrain. Science. 1982;215:1237–1239
  11. Bartus RT, Dean RL, Beer B, Lippa AS. The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science. 1982;217:408–414
  12. Nordberg A, Nilsson-Hakansson L, Adem A, Hardy J, Alafuzoff I, Lai Z, et al.  The role of nicotinic receptors in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Prog. Brain Res. 1989;79:353–362
  13. Schröder H, Giacobini E, Struble RG, Zilles K, Maelicke A. Nicotinic cholinoceptive neurons of the frontal cortex are reduced in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 1991;12:259–262
  14. Perry EK, Morris CM, Court JA, Cheng A, Fairbairn AF, McKeith IG, et al.  Alteration in nicotine binding sites in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease: possible index of early neuropathology. Neuroscience. 1995;64:385–395
  15. Perry E, Martin-Ruiz C, Lee M, Griffiths M, Johnson M, Piggott M, et al.  Nicotinic receptor subtypes in human brain ageing, Alzheimer and Lewy body diseases. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2000;393:215–222
  16. McKinney M, Coyle JT. The potential for muscarinic receptor subtype-specific pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1991;66:1225–1237
  17. Whitehouse PJ, Martino AM, Antuono PG, Lowenstein PR, Coyle JT, Price DL, et al.  Nicotinic acetylcholine binding sites in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 1986;371:146–151
  18. Nordberg A, Alafuzoff I, Winblad B. Nicotinic and muscarinic subtypes in the human brain: changes with aging and dementia. J. Neurosci. Res. 1992;31:103–111
  19. Nordberg A. PET studies and cholinergic therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 1999;155(Suppl. 4):S53–S63
  20. Martin-Ruiz C, Court J, Lee M, Piggott M, Johnson M, Ballard C, et al.  Nicotinic receptors in dementia of Alzheimer, Lewy body and vascular types. Acta Neurol. Scand., Suppl. 2000;176:34–41
  21. Nordberg A, Lundqvist H, Hartvig P, Lilja A, Langstrom B. Kinetic analysis of regional (S)(−)11C-nicotine binding in normal and Alzheimer brains—in vivo assessment using positron emission tomography. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 1995;9:21–27
  22. Vizi ES, Lendvai B. Modulatory role of presynaptic nicotinic receptors in synaptic and non-synaptic chemical communication in the central nervous system. Brain Res. Rev. 1999;30:219–235
  23. Maelicke A. Allosteric modulation of nicotinic receptors as a treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2000;11(Suppl. 1):11–18
  24. Rockwood K, Bowler J, Erkinjuntti T, Hachinski V, Wallin A. Subtypes of vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 1999;13(Suppl. 3):S59–S65
  25. Kalaria RN, Ballard C. Overlap between pathology of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 1999;13(Suppl. 3):S115–S123
  26. Erkinjuntti T. Cerebrovascular dementia. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. CNS Drugs. 1999;12:35–48
  27. Saito H, Togashi H, Yoshioka M, Nakamura N, Minami M, Parvez H, et al.  Animal models of vascular dementia with emphasis on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1995;22(Suppl. 1):S257–S259
  28. Togashi H, Matsumoto M, Yoshioka M, Hirokami M, Minami M, Saito H. Neurochemical profiles in cerebrospinal fluid of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurosci. Lett. 1994;166:117–120
  29. Kimura S, Saito H, Minami M, Togashi H, Nakamura N, Nemoto M, et al.  Pathogenesis of vascular dementia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Toxicology. 2000;153:167–178
  30. Togashi H, Kimura S, Matsumoto M, Yoshioka M, Minami M, Saito H. Cholinergic changes in the hippocampus of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke. 1996;27:520–525
  31. Ferrari R, Frasoldati A, Leo G, Torri C, Zini I, Agnati LF, et al.  Changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNAs and nicotinic binding in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats. Neurosci. Lett. 1999;277:169–172
  32. Banerjee C, Nyengaard JR, Wevers A, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Lindstrom J, et al.  Cellular expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein in the temporal cortex in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease—a stereological approach. Neurobiol. Dis. 2000;7:666–672
  33. Gottfries CG, Blennow K, Karlsson I, Wallin A. The neurochemistry of vascular dementia. Dementia. 1994;5:163–167
  34. Wallin A, Blennow K, Gottfries CG. Neurochemical abnormalities in vascular dementia. Dementia. 1989;1:120–130
  35. Tohgi H, Abe T, Kimura M, Saheki M, Takahashi S. Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine and choline in vascular dementia of Binswanger and multiple small infarct types as compared with Alzheimer-type dementia. J. Neural. Transm. 1996;103:1211–1220
  36. Feldman H, Gracon S. Alzheimer's disease: symptomatic drugs under development. In:  Gauthier S editors. Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer's disease. London: Martin Dunitz; 1996;p. 239–259
  37. Sarter M. Taking stock of cognition enhancers. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. Rev. 1991;12:456–461
  38. Wonnacott S, Marks MJ. Nicotine: not just for cigarettes anymore. Drug Discov. Today. 1999;4:490–492
  39. Maelicke A, Albuquerque EX. New approach to drug therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov. Today. 1996;1:53–59
  40. Thal LJ, Forrest M, Loft H, Mengel H  for the Lu25-109 Study Group . Lu25-109, a muscarinic agonist, fails to improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2000;54:421–425
  41. Lilienfeld S. Galantamine—a novel cholinergic drug with a unique dual mode of action for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drugs. 2002;8:159–176
  42. NICE . Guidance on the Use of Donepezil, Rivastigmine and Galantamine for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence; 2001;
  43. Tariot P. Current status and new developments with galantamine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Exp. Opin. Pharmacother. 2001;2:2027–2049
  44. Samochocki M, Zerlin M, Jostock R, Groot Kormelink PJ, Luyten WH, Albuquerque EX, et al.  Galantamine is an allosterically potentiating ligand of the human alpha4/beta2 nAChR. Acta Neurol. Scand., Suppl. 2000;176:68–73
  45. Maelicke A, Samochocki M, Jostock R, Fehrenbacher A, Ludwig J, Albuquerque EX, et al.  Allosteric sensitization of nicotinic receptors by galantamine, a new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Biol. Psychiatry. 2001;49:279–288
  46. Albuquerque EX, Santos MD, Alkondon M, Pereira EF, Maelicke A. Modulation of nicotinic receptor activity in the central nervous system: a novel approach to the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 2001;15(Suppl. 1):S19–S25
  47. Santos MD, Alkondon M, Pereira EFR, Aracava Y, Eisenberg HM, Maelicke A, et al.  The nicotinic allosteric potentiating ligand galantamine facilitates synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. Mol. Pharmacol. 2002;61:1173–1180
  48. Geerts H, Spiros A, Finkel L, Carr R. Nicotinic receptor modulation: advantages to successful Alzheimer's disease therapy. J. Neural. Transm., Suppl. 2002;62:201–214
  49. Erkinjuntti T, Kurz A, Gauthier S, Bullock R, Lilienfeld S, Damaraju V. Galantamine is efficacious in probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease. Lancet. 2002;359:1283–1290

PII: S0022-510X(02)00274-5

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 203 , Pages 131-136 , 15 November 2002

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution