Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 203 , Pages 103-107 , 15 November 2002

The role of carotid stenosis in vascular cognitive impairment

References 

  1. Raiha I, Tarvonin S, Kurki T, Rajala T, Sourander L. Relationship between vascular factors and white matter low attenuation of the brain. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1997;82:286–289
  2. DePedis G, Hedner K, Johansson BW, Steen B. Cardiac arrhythmia in geriatric patients with organic dementia. Compr. Geront. 1987;1:115–117
  3. Wodarz R. Watershed infarctions and computed tomography: a topographical study in cases with stenosis/occlusion of the carotid artery. Neuroradiology. 1980;19:245–254
  4. Tanaka A, Ogawa N, Asanuma M, Kondo Y, Nomura M. Relationship between cholinergic dysfunction and discrimination learning disabilities in Wistar rats following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res. 1996;729:55–65
  5. Silverstein A. Occlusive disease of the carotid arteries. Circulation. 1959;20:4–16
  6. Bornstein RA. Relationship of age and education to neuropsychological performance in patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. J. Clin. Psychol. 1983;39:470–478
  7. Hamster W, Diener HC. Neuropsychological changes associated with stenoses or occlusions of the carotid arteries. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci. 1984;234:69–73
  8. Naugle RI, Bridgers SL, Delaney RC. Neuropsychological signs of asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 1986;1:25–30
  9. Light K. Effects of mild cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders on serial reaction time performance. Exp. Aging Res. 1978;14:3–22
  10. Matarazzo RG, Matarazzo JD, Gallo AE, Wiens A. IQ and neuropsychological changes following carotid endarterectomy. J. Clin. Neuropsychol. 1979;1:97–116
  11. King GD, Haynes CD, Dempsey RL, Jenkins CW. Intellectual and personality changes associated with carotid endarterectomy. J. Clin. Psychol. 1977;33:213–220
  12. Rao R, Jackson S, Howard R. Neuropsychological impairment in stroke, carotid stenosis, and peripheral vascular disease: a comparison with healthy community residents. Stroke. 1999;30:2167–2173
  13. Roth M, Tym E, Mountjoy CQ, Huppert FA, Hendrie H, Verma S, et al.  CAMDEX: a standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1986;149:698–709
  14. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini Mental State”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1975;12:189–198
  15. Brayne C, Calloway P. The case identification of dementia in the community: a comparison of methods. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 1990;5:309–316
  16. Rao R, Jackson S, Howard R. Primitive reflexes in cerebrovascular disease: a community study of people with stroke and carotid stenosis. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 1999;14:964–972
  17. Sinatra MG, Boeri R, Del Ton F, Fornari M, Musicco M, Girotti F. Neuropsychological evaluation in transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke. J. Neurol. 1984;231:194–197
  18. Mononen H, Lepojarvi M, Kallanranta T. Early neuropsychological outcome after carotid endarterectomy. Eur Neurol. 1990;30:328–333
  19. De Renzi E, Faglioni P. The comparative efficiency of intelligence and vigilance tests in detecting hemispheric and cerebral damage. Cortex. 1965;1:410–433
  20. Benke T, Neussl D, Aichner F. Neuropsychological deficits in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1991;83:378–381
  21. Iddon JL, Sahakian BJ, Kirkpatrick PJ. Uncomplicated carotid endarterectomy is not associated with neuropsychological impairment. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1997;56:781–787
  22. Cohn JB, Wilcox GW, Lerer BE. Development of an “early” detection battery for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Psychiatry. 1991;6:501–509
  23. Prince M, Cullen M, Mann A. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a case–control study based on the MRC Elderly Hypertension Trial. Neurology. 1994;44:97–104
  24. Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, Riley KP, Greiner PA, Markesbery WR. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease: the Nun Study. JAMA. 1977;277:813–817
  25. Cummings JL. Subcortical dementia. New York: Oxford Univ. Press; 1990;
  26. Gupta SR, Naheedy MH, Young JC, Ghobrial M, Rubino FA, Hindo W. Periventricular white matter changes and dementia: clinical, neuropsychological, radiological and pathological correlation. Arch. Neurol. 1988;45:637–641
  27. Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Offenbacher H, Lytwyn H, Blematl B, Niederkorn K, et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in hypertensive individuals. Arch. Neurol. 1991;48:417–420
  28. Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Prohovnik I. Strategic infarcts in dementia: a clinical and brain imaging experience. Drug Res. 1995;41:371–385
  29. Price TR, Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, Kittner SJ, Yue NC, Robbins J, et al.  Silent brain infarction on magnetic resonance imaging and neurological abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke. 1997;28:1158–1164
  30. Brott T, Tomsick T, Feinberg W, Johnson C, Biller J, Broderick J, et al.  Baseline silent cerebral infarction in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Stroke. 1994;25:1122–1129
  31. Orlandi G, Parenti G, Bertolucci A, Murri L. Silent cerebral microembolism in asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid artery stenoses of low and high degree. Eur. Neurol. 1997;38(1):39–43
  32. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F. Cerebral infarction with transient signs (CITS): do TIAs correspond to small deep infarcts in internal carotid artery occlusion?. Stroke. 1984;15:536–539
  33. Sullivan P, Pary RA, Teland R, Rifai AH, Zubenko GS. Risk factors for white matter changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly. Stroke. 1990;21:1424–1428
  34. Stenager EN, Madsen C, Stenager E, Boldsen J. Suicide in patients with stroke: epidemiological study. Br. Med. J. 1998;316:1206
  35. Rao R, Dening TR, Brayne C, Huppert FA. Suicidal thinking in community residents over eighty. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 1997;12:337–343

☆ Full version of presentation delivered at 2nd International Conference on Vascular Dementia at Salzburg (24th–27th January 2002).

PII: S0022-510X(02)00262-9

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 203 , Pages 103-107 , 15 November 2002

Article Tools