Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 201, Issue 1 , Pages 79-83 , 15 September 2002

Immobilization dystonia

  • Michael S Okun

      Affiliations

    • The Neurology Service, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 100 S. Newell Drive, L3-100, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
    • ,
  • Stephen E Nadeau

      Affiliations

    • The Neurology Service, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 100 S. Newell Drive, L3-100, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
    • The Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Malcom Randall DVA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
    • ,
  • Fabian Rossi

      Affiliations

    • The Neurology Service, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 100 S. Newell Drive, L3-100, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA
    • ,
  • William J Triggs

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-352-392-3491; fax: +1-352-392-6893
    • The Neurology Service, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 100 S. Newell Drive, L3-100, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA

Received 5 October 2001 ,Revised 9 June 2002 ,Accepted 10 June 2002.

References 

  1. Jankovic J, Van der linden C. Dystonia and tremor induced by peripheral trauma: predisposing factors. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1988;51:1512–1529
  2. Jankovic J. Post-traumatic movement disorders: central and peripheral mechanisms. Neurology. 1994;44:2006–2014
  3. Bhatia KP, Bhatt MH, Marsden CD. The causalgia–dystonia syndrome. Brain. 1993;116:843–851
  4. Schott GD. The relationship of peripheral trauma and pain to dystonia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1985;48:698–701
  5. Schott GD. Induction of involuntary movements by peripheral trauma: an analogy with causalgia. Lancet. 1986;ii:712–716
  6. Schwartzman RJ, Kerrigan J. The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology. 1990;40:57–61
  7. Truong DD, Dubinsky R, Hermanowicz N, Olson WL, Silverman B, Koller WC. Posttraumatic torticollis. Arch. Neurol. 1991;48:221–223
  8. Tarsy D. Comparison of acute- and delayed-onset posttraumatic cervical dystonia. Mov. Disord. 1998;13:481–485
  9. Buonomano DV, Merzenich MM. Cortical plasticity: from synapses to maps. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1998;21:149–186
  10. Merzenich MM, Jenkins WM. Reorganization of cortical representations of the hand following alterations of skin inputs induced by nerve injury, skin island transfers, and experience. J. Hand Ther. 1993;6:89–104
  11. Wang X, Merzenich MM, Sameshima K, Jenkins WM. Remodelling of hand representation in adult cortex determined by timing of tactile stimulation. Nature. 1995;378:71–75
  12. Nudo RJ, Milliken GW, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys. J. Neurosci. 1996;16:785–807
  13. Cohen LG, Bandinelli S, Findley TW, Hallett M. Motor reorganization after upper limb amputation in man. A study with focal magnetic stimulation. Brain. 1991;114:615–627
  14. Verdugo RJ, Ochoa JL. Abnormal movements in complex regional pain syndrome: assessment of their nature. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23:198–205
  15. Hebb DO. The organization of behavior; a neuropsychological theory. New York: Wiley; 1949;
  16. Craig JC. Anomalous sensations following prolonged tactile stimulation. Neuropsychologia. 1993;31:277–291
  17. Byl NN, Merzenich MM, Jenkins WM. A primate genesis model of focal dystonia and repetitive strain injury: I. Learning-induced dedifferentiation of the representation of the hand in the primary somatosensory cortex in adult monkeys. Neurology. 1996;47:508–520
  18. Byl NN, Merzenich MM, Cheung S, Bedenbaugh P, Nagarajan SS, Jenkins WM. A primate model for studying focal dystonia and repetitive strain injury: effects on the primary somatosensory cortex. Phys. Ther. 1997;77:269–284
  19. Elbert T, Candia V, Altenmuller E, et al.  Alteration of digital representations in somatosensory cortex in focal hand dystonia. NeuroReport. 1998;9:3571–3575
  20. Allard T, Clark SA, Jenkins WM, Merzenich MM. Reorganization of somatosensory area 3b representations in adult owl monkeys after digital syndactyly. J. Neurophysiol. 1991;66:1048–1058
  21. Recanzone GH, Merzenich MM, Jenkins WM, Grajski KA, Dinse HR. Topographic reorganization of the hand representation in cortical area 3b owl monkeys trained in a frequency-discrimination task. J. Neurophysiol. 1992;67:1031–1056
  22. Recanzone GH, Merzenich MM, Jenkins WM. Frequency discrimination training engaging a restricted skin surface results in an emergence of a cutaneous response zone in cortical area 3a. J. Neurophysiol. 1992;67:1057–1070
  23. Priori A, Pesenti A, Cappellari A, Scarlato G, Barbieri S. Limb immobilization for the treatment of focal occupational dystonia. Neurology. 2001;57:405–409
  24. Rome S, Grünewald RA. Abnormal perception of vibration-induced illusion of movement in dystonia. Neurology. 1999;53:1794–1800
  25. Meunier S, Garnero L, Ducorps A, et al.  Human brain mapping in dystonia reveals both endophenotypic traits and adaptive reorganization. Ann. Neurol. 2001;50:521–527

PII: S0022-510X(02)00198-3

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Volume 201, Issue 1 , Pages 79-83 , 15 September 2002

Article Tools